Vikas Sharma

Serial Communication using Atmega16 : USART

2011-08-11T00:22:00.000-07:00

USART in ATMEGA16, with VB.NET code. (Serial Port Communication)
This code is reading Voltage from ADC1 and send it on Serial port and reading the incoming serial data.
On the other hand VB.NET code will receive Serial data (Voltage) and sends a string serially

/*****************************************************
Chip type : ATmega16
Program type : Application
AVR Core Clock frequency: 8.000000 MHz
Memory model : Small
External RAM size : 0
Data Stack size : 256
*****************************************************/

#include
#include
// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions
#asm
.equ __lcd_port=0x15 ;PORTC
#endasm
#include
// Standard Input/Output functions
#include

#include
#define RXB8 1
#define TXB8 0
#define UPE 2
#define OVR 3
#define FE 4
#define UDRE 5
#define RXC 7

#define FRAMING_ERROR (1<
#define PARITY_ERROR (1<
#define DATA_OVERRUN (1<
#define DATA_REGISTER_EMPTY (1<
#define RX_COMPLETE (1<

// USART Receiver buffer
#define RX_BUFFER_SIZE 8
char rx_buffer[RX_BUFFER_SIZE];

#if RX_BUFFER_SIZE<256
unsigned char rx_wr_index,rx_rd_index,rx_counter;
#else
unsigned int rx_wr_index,rx_rd_index,rx_counter;
#endif

// This flag is set on USART Receiver buffer overflow
bit rx_buffer_overflow;

unsigned char REC_DATA[20];
int J=0;

// USART Receiver interrupt service routine
interrupt [USART_RXC] void usart_rx_isr(void)
{
char status,data;
status=UCSRA;
data=UDR;

if (data == '?')
{
J=0;
//sprintf(REC_DATA," ") ;
}
else
{
REC_DATA[J]=data;
J++;
}

if ((status & (FRAMING_ERROR | PARITY_ERROR | DATA_OVERRUN))==0)
{
rx_buffer[rx_wr_index]=data;
if (++rx_wr_index == RX_BUFFER_SIZE) rx_wr_index=0;
if (++rx_counter == RX_BUFFER_SIZE)
{
rx_counter=0;
rx_buffer_overflow=1;
};
};
}

#ifndef _DEBUG_TERMINAL_IO_
// Get a character from the USART Receiver buffer
#define _ALTERNATE_GETCHAR_
#pragma used+
char getchar(void)
{
char data;
//while (rx_counter==0);
data=rx_buffer[rx_rd_index];
if (++rx_rd_index == RX_BUFFER_SIZE) rx_rd_index=0;
#asm("cli")
--rx_counter;
#asm("sei")
return data;
}
#pragma used-
#endif

// USART Transmitter buffer
#define TX_BUFFER_SIZE 8
char tx_buffer[TX_BUFFER_SIZE];

#if TX_BUFFER_SIZE<256
unsigned char tx_wr_index,tx_rd_index,tx_counter;
#else
unsigned int tx_wr_index,tx_rd_index,tx_counter;
#endif

// USART Transmitter interrupt service routine
interrupt [USART_TXC] void usart_tx_isr(void)
{
if (tx_counter)
{
--tx_counter;
UDR=tx_buffer[tx_rd_index];
if (++tx_rd_index == TX_BUFFER_SIZE) tx_rd_index=0;
};
}

#ifndef _DEBUG_TERMINAL_IO_
// Write a character to the USART Transmitter buffer
#define _ALTERNATE_PUTCHAR_
#pragma used+
void putchar(char c)
{
while (tx_counter == TX_BUFFER_SIZE);
#asm("cli")
if (tx_counter || ((UCSRA & DATA_REGISTER_EMPTY)==0))
{
tx_buffer[tx_wr_index]=c;
if (++tx_wr_index == TX_BUFFER_SIZE) tx_wr_index=0;
++tx_counter;
}
else
UDR=c;
#asm("sei")
}
#pragma used-
#endif

#define ADC_VREF_TYPE 0x00

// Read the AD conversion result
unsigned int read_adc(unsigned char adc_input)
{
ADMUX=adc_input | (ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff);
// Delay needed for the stabilization of the ADC input voltage
delay_us(10);
// Start the AD conversion
ADCSRA|=0x40;
// Wait for the AD conversion to complete
while ((ADCSRA & 0x10)==0);
ADCSRA|=0x10;
return ADCW;
}

// Declare your global variables here

void main(void)
{
unsigned int volt;
unsigned char b[20];
int i=0;
float f=0;
// Input/Output Ports initialization
// Port A initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTA=0x00;
DDRA=0x00;

// Port B initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTB=0x00;
DDRB=0x00;

// Port C initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0x00;

// Port D initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 0 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC0 output: Disconnected
TCCR0=0x00;
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 1 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh
// OC1A output: Discon.
// OC1B output: Discon.
// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge
// Timer 1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: Off
// Compare A Match Interrupt: Off
// Compare B Match Interrupt: Off
TCCR1A=0x00;
TCCR1B=0x00;
TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 2 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC2 output: Disconnected
ASSR=0x00;
TCCR2=0x00;
TCNT2=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;

// External Interrupt(s) initialization
// INT0: Off
// INT1: Off
// INT2: Off
MCUCR=0x00;
MCUCSR=0x00;

// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=0x00;

// USART initialization
// Communication Parameters: 8 Data, 1 Stop, No Parity
// USART Receiver: On
// USART Transmitter: On
// USART Mode: Asynchronous
// USART Baud Rate: 9600
UCSRA=0x00;
UCSRB=0xD8;
UCSRC=0x86;
UBRRH=0x00;
UBRRL=0x33;

// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator: Off
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;

// ADC initialization
// ADC Clock frequency: 1000.000 kHz
// ADC Voltage Reference: AREF pin
// ADC Auto Trigger Source: None
ADMUX=ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff;
ADCSRA=0x83;

// LCD module initialization
lcd_init(20);

// Global enable interrupts
#asm("sei")

while (1)
{
ADMUX=0x21 & 0xff ;
lcd_clear();
lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
delay_ms(10);
lcd_putsf("Volt= ");
volt=(unsigned int) read_adc(1);
f=volt;
f= 5 * (f/1023);
ftoa(f,2,b); // till 4 decimal places
sprintf(b,"%s",b) ;
lcd_puts(b);

lcd_gotoxy(13,0);
delay_ms(10);
lcd_putsf("V");
lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
sprintf(b," ") ;
sprintf(b,"%u?",volt) ;
lcd_puts(b);

for (i=0;i<20;i++)
{
putchar(b[i]);
if (b[i] =='?')
break;
}
sprintf(b," ") ;
/*
for (i=0;i<20;i++)
{
b[i]=getchar();

if (b[i] =='?' || b[i] =='' || b[i] ==' ')
break;

delay_ms(50);
}

lcd_gotoxy(0,2);
lcd_puts(b);
sprintf(b," ") ;
*/

lcd_gotoxy(0,2);
lcd_puts(REC_DATA);
sprintf(REC_DATA," ") ;
lcd_gotoxy(5,3);
lcd_putsf("SER COMM");

delay_ms(1000);

};
}

VB.NET code

1) Open serial Port

If Not SerialPort1.IsOpen Then
SerialPort1.PortName = "Com3" 'port

' Set other port parameters.
SerialPort1.BaudRate = 9600
SerialPort1.Parity = Parity.None
SerialPort1.DataBits = 8
SerialPort1.StopBits = StopBits.One
SerialPort1.Handshake = Handshake.None
SerialPort1.WriteBufferSize = 100000
SerialPort1.DtrEnable = False
SerialPort1.RtsEnable = False
SerialPort1.Open()

End If

2) On Data_received event
Private Sub SerialPort1_DataReceived(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs) Handles SerialPort1.DataReceived

System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100)
'DATA_RECEIVED = DATA_RECEIVED & SerialPort1.ReadExisting()
'DATA_RECEIVED_FLAG = 1

Dim bRead, nRead As Integer
Dim returnStr As String = ""
Dim ascStr As String = ""

bRead = SerialPort1.BytesToRead 'Number of Bytes to read
Dim cData(bRead - 1) As Byte
nRead = SerialPort1.Read(cData, 0, bRead) 'Reading the Data
For Each b As Byte In cData
DATA_RECEIVED_1 = DATA_RECEIVED_1 & " " & Chr(b)
Next
DATA_RECEIVED_FLAG_1 = 1
End Sub

''There are many ways, one can choose any method.

3) Display data received and send data (On serial) (Using timer)

Private Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick
If DATA_RECEIVED_FLAG_1 = 1 Then
TextBox3.Text = DATA_RECEIVED_1 & Environment.NewLine
DATA_RECEIVED_1 = ""
DATA_RECEIVED_FLAG_1 = 0
End If
If Me.CheckBox1.Checked Then
SerialPort1.Write("VIKAS") 'String will be displayed on LCD
System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(20)
End If

End Sub

''If CheckBox1 is checked then send data otherwise not.

Settings of Fuse bits and Lock bits of Atmega8535

2011-08-10T02:20:00.000-07:00

Atmega8535 Fuse bits and Lock bits
1) Fuse bits
High byte : S853SC, WDTON, SPIEN, CKOPT
EESAVE, BOOTSZ1, BOOTSZ0, BOOTRST

Low Byte: BODLEVEL, BODEN, SUT1, SUT0
CKSEL3,   CKSEL2, CKSEL1, CKSEL0

How to set Atmega8535 at 1Mhz (Internal)? (Also Default settings of Atmega8535 )
  High byte : 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0xD9
  Low Byte:   1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0xE1

In HandyProg

How to set Atmega8535 at 8Mhz (Internal)?
  High byte : 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0xD9
  Low Byte:   1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0xE4

How to set Atmega8535 at 8Mhz (External Crystal )?
  High byte : 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0xD9
  Low Byte:   1 1 1 0 1 1 11 0xEF

How to set Atmega8535 at 12-16Mhz (External Crystal )?
  High byte : 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0xC9
  Low Byte:   1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0xEF

Lock Bits of Atmega8535 .
For HadyProg Select all six Lock Bits
For Robotics code to be written is : 0x00

Convert date and time in the desired format in vb,net

2011-08-10T01:30:00.000-07:00

These codes help in formatting date and time in the desired format.

1.dd/MM/yyyy

String.Format("{0:dd/MM/yyyy}", DateTime.Now)

O/P = 19/12/2008

2.MM/dd/yyyy

String.Format("{0:MM/dd/yyyy}", DateTime.Now)

O/P = 12/19/2008

3.dd/MM/yy

String.Format("{0:dd/MM/yy}", DateTime.Now)

O/P = 19/12/08

4.t

String.Format("{0:t}", DateTime.Now)

O/P = 10:30 AM

5.F

String.Format("{0:F}", DateTime.Now)

o/p=Friday, December 19, 2008 10:48:46 AM

Handle Cross(X) button on control box in form in vb.net.

2011-06-23T06:29:00.000-07:00

Private Sub Form1_FormClosed(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.FormClosedEventArgs) Handles MyBase.FormClosed
MessageBox.Show("closed")
End Sub
Private Sub Form1_FormClosing(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.FormClosingEventArgs) Handles MyBase.FormClosing
MessageBox.Show("closing")
End Sub

Create a DLL in LABVIEW and Using it in VB.NET

2011-05-11T04:46:00.000-07:00

Creating DLL in LABVIEW

Step 1: Create a New Empty Project

Step 2: Right click on My Computer icon -> New -> Vi
New VI file will be opened.

Step 3: Add some Controls as per requirement.
i.e 2 num controls and 1 num indicator with some mathematic control
i.e Addition of 2 numbers

Step 4: In the Front Panel Window, right click on the ICON below the Close button.
Click on Show Connector.
Again right click on that and choose the appropriate pattern.
Now click in the box of pattern and then click on ist control,
then click on second pattern box then click on 2nd control. Similarly connect all controls with the pattern box.

Step 5: Save VI file and project.

Step 6: Now right click on the Build Specification in the Project explorer.
Choose New -> Shared Library (DLL)
Step 7: Click on Information Source , Choose your VI file as Source File.
Step 8: Click on build to Create DLL

Check out other properties like naming the DLL file, how to edit source file again etc.

Repeating these steps one can add number of VI files. VI file name will be the name of the function or sub.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

VB.NET to use DLL (built in labview)

'protoptype MUL_2_NOS is VI files name

_
Public Shared Function MUL_2_NOS(ByVal x As Double, ByVal y As Double) As Double

End Function

Declare Function MUL_2_NOS Lib "DLL PATH HERE" (ByVal x As Double, ByVal y As Double) As Double

Dim D As Double = MUL_2_NOS(2, 7)

messagebox.show(d.tostring)

------------------------------------------------------------

Insert unicode's in VB.NET

2011-05-03T23:17:00.000-07:00

Symbols with unicode's : http://www.w3.org/Math/characters/html/symbol.html

eg

messagebox.show(ChrW(&H2663))

Atmega16 : Square wave Frequency Counter: CodeVision Code

2010-07-22T01:19:00.000-07:00

/*****************************************************
Chip type               : ATmega16
Program type            : Application
AVR Core Clock frequency: 8.002000 MHz
Memory model            : Small
External RAM size       : 0
Data Stack size         : 256
Written By                :(Vikas Sharma)
*****************************************************/

#include
#include
#include
// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions
#asm
   .equ __lcd_port=0x15 ;PORTC
#endasm
#include
//Declare your global variables here
unsigned char str_buffer[20];
unsigned int CNT=0;
int FLAG=0;
//Timer 1 overflow interrupt service routine
interrupt [TIM1_OVF] void timer1_ovf_isr(void)
{
       // PORTD.7=~PORTD.7;                       //High-Low pulse
       lcd_clear();
       sprintf(str_buffer,"FREQ = %u",CNT);
       lcd_puts(str_buffer);
       CNT=0;
        //TCNT1=55535;
        TCNT1=57723;
}

void main(void)
{
// Declare your local variables here

// Input/Output Ports initialization
// Port A initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTA=0x00;
DDRA=0x00;

// Port B initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTB=0xFF;
DDRB=0x00;          //input   push buttons

// Port C initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0xff;           //output         lcd

// Port D initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0xff;

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 0 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC0 output: Disconnected
TCCR0=0x00;
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer1 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh
// OC1A output: Discon.
// OC1B output: Discon.
// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge
// Timer1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: Off
// Compare A Match Interrupt: Off
// Compare B Match Interrupt: Off
TCCR1A=0x00;
TCCR1B=0x00;
TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;

//TCNT1=55535;
TCNT1=57723;
TCCR1A=0b00000000;
TCCR1B=0b00000101;   //SELECT CLOCK HRER CS

// Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer2 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC2 output: Disconnected
ASSR=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;
TCCR2=0b00000101;
TCNT2=0xFF;

// External Interrupt(s) initialization
// INT0: Off
// INT1: Off
// INT2: Off
MCUCR=0x00;
MCUCSR=0x00;

// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=0b00100100;                  //6 bit timer2 0 bit tiemr0   2 bit timer1

// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator: Off
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;
#asm("sei")

lcd_init(20);
lcd_putsf("FREQ-");
while (1)
      {
      // Place your code here
           if (PINB.4 == 0 && FLAG==0)
            {
                CNT=CNT+1;
                FLAG=1;
            }
             if (PINB.4 == 1)
             {
                FLAG=0;
             }
      //PORTD.0=PINB.4;
     // delay_ms(1000);

      };
}

VB.NET CODE USING GRIDVIEW AND ACCESS DATABASE

2010-05-11T22:00:00.000-07:00

Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.OleDb

Public Class MAIN
    Public connString As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=GAURAV_DATABASE.mdb"
    Public OleDBConn1 As System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection = New System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(connString)
    Public SQLString As String
    Public OleDbDataAdapter1 As New OleDbDataAdapter()
    Public DataSet1 As New DataSet()
    Public cb As New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder()
    'myConnection = new SqlConnection("server=(local)\VSdotNET;Trusted_Connection=yes;database=northwind")
    ' da = new SqlDataAdapter("Select * from Customers", thisConnection)
    'Public thisConnection As New SqlConnection("server=(local);Trusted_Connection=yes;database=GAURAV_DATABASE.mdb")
    'Public cb As New SqlCommandBuilder()
    'Public da As New SqlDataAdapter()
    'Public SqlCommand1 As New SqlCommand()
    '' Sql Query
    'Public sql As String = "SELECT * FROM IMPORTANT"
    '' Create a Command
    '' Create SqlDataAdapter
    ''da = New SqlDataAdapter
    ''da.SelectCommand = SqlCommand1

    Private Sub BTN_EXIT_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_EXIT.Click
        login.Close()
        Me.Close()
    End Sub

    Private Sub MAIN_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load

        'If InputBox("ENTER PASSWORD:", "GAURAV DETAILS", "**********") <> "vikas" Then
        '    MessageBox.Show("INCORRECT PASSWORD!!!!!!!", "GAURAV DETAILS", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error)
        '    Me.Close()
        'End If
        'Dim myConnection As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection
        'myConnection.ConnectionString = connString
        '' create a data adapter
        'Dim da As OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter("Select * from IMPORTANT", myConnection)

        'Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet
        'da.Fill(ds, "Customers")
        'DATA_GRID.DataSource = ds.DefaultViewManager
        ' Dim ConnString As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=MyMDB.mdb"
        ' OleDBConn1.Open()
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_IMPORTANT_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_IMPORTANT.Click
        DataSet1.Clear()
        SQLString = "SELECT * FROM IMPORTANT"
        OleDbDataAdapter1 = New OleDbDataAdapter(SQLString, OleDBConn1)
        'OleDBConn1.Open()
        OleDbDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet1, "IMPORTANT")
        DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables("IMPORTANT")
        'OleDBConn1.Close()
        cb = New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(OleDbDataAdapter1)

        'Dim sql As String = "SELECT * FROM IMPORTANT"
        'SqlCommand1 = New SqlCommand(sql, thisConnection)
        'da = New SqlDataAdapter
        'da.SelectCommand = SqlCommand1
        'cb = New SqlCommandBuilder(da)
        'da.Fill(DataSet1, "IMPORTANT")
        'DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables("IMPORTANT")
        'DATA_GRID.SetDataBinding(DataSet1, "IMPORTANT")
        'Try
        '    da = New SqlDataAdapter("select * from IMPORTANT", thisConnection)
        '    'da.SelectCommand = New SqlCommand()
        '    'da.SelectCommand.Connection = thisConnection
        '    'da.SelectCommand.CommandText = "select * from IMPORTANT"
        '    'da.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.Text
        '    thisConnection.Open()
        '    cb = New SqlCommandBuilder(da)
        '    ' Set the MissingSchemaAction property to AddWithKey because Fill will not cause primary
        '    ' key & unique key information to be retrieved unless AddWithKey is specified.
        '    da.MissingSchemaAction = MissingSchemaAction.AddWithKey
        '    da.Fill(DataSet1, "IMPORTANT")
        '    DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables("IMPORTANT")
        '    'DATA_GRID.AutoGenerateColumns = True
        '    'DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1
        '    'DATA_GRID.DataMember = "IMPORTANT"
        '    thisConnection.Close()
        'Catch ex As Exception
        '    MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString)
        'End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_INVESTMENT_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_INVESTMENT.Click
        DataSet1.Clear()
        SQLString = "SELECT * FROM INVESTMENTS"
        OleDbDataAdapter1 = New OleDbDataAdapter(SQLString, OleDBConn1)
        'OleDBConn1.Open()
        OleDbDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet1, "INVESTMENTS")
        DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables("INVESTMENTS")
        cb = New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(OleDbDataAdapter1)
        ' OleDBConn1.Close()
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
        Try
            '   Dim cb As New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(OleDbDataAdapter1)
            ' DataSet1.Tables("IMPORTANT").Rows(0).Item(1) = "vvvvvvvvv"
            'DataSet1.Tables("IMPORTANT").Rows(0).Item(2) = "99999999"

            OleDbDataAdapter1.Update(DataSet1, DATA_GRID.DataSource.ToString)
        Catch ex As Exception
            MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString)
        End Try
        MessageBox.Show("UPDATE " & DATA_GRID.DataSource.ToString & " DATABASE")

        'SQLString = "UPDATE TABLE INVESTMENTS"
        'OleDbDataAdapter1 = New OleDbDataAdapter(SQLString, OleDBConn1)
        'OleDBConn1.Open()

        'DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables(0)
        'MessageBox.Show(DataSet1.Tables(1).ToString)
        ' DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables("IMPORTANT")
        ' OleDbDataAdapter1.Update(DataSet1)
        ' OleDbDataAdapter1.InsertCommand = New OleDbCommand("Insert into IMPORTANT (ID,NAME,PH) VALUES()", OleDBConn1)
        ' OleDbDataAdapter1 = New OleDbDataAdapter(SQLString, OleDBConn1)
        ' OleDbDataAdapter1.Update(DataSet1)
        'DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables(" IMPORTANT")
        'OleDBConn1.Close()
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_REMINDERS_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_REMINDERS.Click
        DataSet1.Clear()
        SQLString = "SELECT * FROM REMINDERS"
        OleDbDataAdapter1 = New OleDbDataAdapter(SQLString, OleDBConn1)
        'OleDBConn1.Open()
        OleDbDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet1, "REMINDERS")
        DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables("REMINDERS")
        cb = New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(OleDbDataAdapter1)
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_VAULT_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_VAULT.Click
        DataSet1.Clear()
        SQLString = "SELECT * FROM VAULT"
        OleDbDataAdapter1 = New OleDbDataAdapter(SQLString, OleDBConn1)
        'OleDBConn1.Open()
        OleDbDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet1, "VAULT")
        DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables("VAULT")
        cb = New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(OleDbDataAdapter1)
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_BANKING_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_BANKING.Click
        DataSet1.Clear()
        SQLString = "SELECT * FROM BANKING"
        OleDbDataAdapter1 = New OleDbDataAdapter(SQLString, OleDBConn1)
        'OleDBConn1.Open()
        OleDbDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet1, "BANKING")
        DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables("BANKING")
        cb = New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(OleDbDataAdapter1)
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_PLANS_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_PLANS.Click
        DataSet1.Clear()
        SQLString = "SELECT * FROM PLANS"
        OleDbDataAdapter1 = New OleDbDataAdapter(SQLString, OleDBConn1)
        'OleDBConn1.Open()
        OleDbDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet1, "PLANS")
        DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables("PLANS")
        cb = New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(OleDbDataAdapter1)
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click
        DataSet1.Clear()
        SQLString = "SELECT * FROM CONTACTS"
        OleDbDataAdapter1 = New OleDbDataAdapter(SQLString, OleDBConn1)
        'OleDBConn1.Open()
        OleDbDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet1, "CONTACTS")
        DATA_GRID.DataSource = DataSet1.Tables("CONTACTS")
        cb = New OleDb.OleDbCommandBuilder(OleDbDataAdapter1)
    End Sub
End Class

Singly Link List : C code

2010-05-11T04:40:00.000-07:00

#includestdio.h
#includeconio.h
#includealloc.h
#includestdlib.h
struct s_ll
{
int x;
struct s_ll *nxt;

} *ll;

void append(struct s_ll **, int);
void in_begin(struct s_ll **, int);
void del(struct s_ll **, int);
void in_middle(struct s_ll **, int, int);
int count(struct s_ll *);
void display(struct s_ll *);

void main()
{
int i=2;
int j=2;
int ch,num,loc;

ll=NULL;
clrscr();
printf("PRESS ENTER ");

getch();
clrscr();
for(i=1;i<20;i++)
{
gotoxy(i,j);
printf("*");
j++;

}
for(;i<39;i++)
{
j--;
gotoxy(i,j);
printf("*");

}
     getch();
clrscr();

gotoxy(0,0);
printf("****** MAIN MENU ***********\n");
printf("1. READ A FILE\n");
printf("2. WRITE A FILE\n");
printf("3. XXXXXXXXXXXXX\n");
printf("4. YYYYYYYYYYYYY\n");
printf("****************************\n");

getch();

do
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(0,0);
printf("******** PROGRAM TO IMPLEMENT SINGLY nxt LIST ***********\n");
printf("-----------------------------------------------------------\n");
printf("1. CREATE OR APPEND\n");
printf("2. INSERT AT START\n");
printf("3. INSERT AT MIDDLE\n");
printf("4. DELETE A NODE\n");
printf("5. COUNT NODE\n");
printf("6. DISPLAY NODE\n");
printf("7. EXIT\n");
printf("***********************************************************\n");

oper:
printf("ENTER CHOICE (1-6)/7 FOR EXIT - ");
scanf("%d",&ch);

switch(ch)
{
   case 1:
    char res;
    do {
    printf("ENTER ANY NUMBER : ");
    scanf("%d",&num);
    append(&ll,num);
    printf("ENTER AGAIN (y/n) : ");
    fflush(stdin);
    res=getchar();

    } while(res != 'n');
    break;
case 2:
printf("Enter The x : ");
scanf("%d",&num);
in_begin(&ll,num);
break;
case 3:
printf("\nEnter The Position :");
scanf("%d",&loc);
printf("\nEnter The x : ");
scanf("%d",&num);
in_middle(&ll,loc,num);
break;
case 4:
printf("\nEnter The x u Want To Delete : ");
scanf("%d",&num);
del(&ll,num);
break;
case 5:
printf("\nThe No Of s_lls Are %d",count(ll));
getch();
break;
case 6:
display(ll);
getch();
break;
case 7:
printf("\n\nQuiting.......");
getch();
exit(0);
break;
default:
printf("Invalid choice.Please Enter Correct Choice");
//goto oper;
}

}while(ch != 7);

}

void append(struct s_ll **q,int num)
{ struct s_ll *temp,*r;
temp = *q;
if(*q==NULL)
{ temp = (struct s_ll *)malloc(sizeof(struct s_ll));
temp->x=num;
temp->nxt=NULL;
*q=temp;
}
else
{ temp = *q;
while(temp->nxt !=NULL)
{ temp=temp->nxt;
}
r = (struct s_ll *)malloc(sizeof(struct s_ll));
r->x=num;
r->nxt=NULL;
temp->nxt=r;
}
}
void display(struct s_ll *q)
{ if(q==NULL)
{ printf("\n\nEmpty nxt List.Can't Display The x");
getch();
goto last;
}
while(q!=NULL)
{ printf("\n%d",q->x);
q=q->nxt;
}
last:
}

int count(struct s_ll *q)
{ int c=0;
if(q==NULL)
{ printf("Empty nxt List.\n");
getch();
goto last;
}
while(q!=NULL)
{ c++;
q=q->nxt;
}
last:
return c;
}

void in_begin(struct s_ll **q,int num)
{ struct s_ll *temp;
if(*q==NULL)
{ printf("nxt List Is Empty.Can't Insert.");
getch();
goto last;
}
else
{ temp=(struct s_ll *)malloc(sizeof(struct s_ll));
temp->x=num;
temp->nxt=*q;
*q=temp; /* pointing to the first s_ll */
}
last:
getch();
}

void in_middle(struct s_ll **q,int loc,int num)
{ struct s_ll *temp,*n;
int c=1,flag=0;
temp=*q;
if(*q==NULL)
{ printf("\n\nnxt List Is Empty.Can't Insert.");
getch();
goto last;
}
else
while(temp!=NULL)
{ if(c==loc)
{ n = (struct s_ll *)malloc(sizeof(struct s_ll));
n->x=num;
n->nxt=temp->nxt;
temp->nxt=n;
flag=1;
}
c++;
temp=temp->nxt;
}
if(flag==0)
{ printf("\n\ns_ll Specified Doesn't Exist.Cant Enter The x");
getch();
}
else
{ printf("x Inserted");
getch();
}
last:
getch();
}
void del(struct s_ll**q,int num)
{ if(*q==NULL)
{ printf("\n\nEmpty nxted List.Cant Delete The x.");
getch();
goto last;
}
else
{
struct s_ll *old,*temp;
int flag=0;
temp=*q;
while(temp!=NULL)
{ if(temp->x==num)
{ if(temp==*q) /* First s_ll case */
*q=temp->nxt; /* shifted the header s_ll */
else
old->nxt=temp->nxt;
free(temp);
flag=1;
}
else
{ old=temp;
temp=temp->nxt;
}
}
if(flag==0)
printf("\nx Not Found...");
else
printf("\nx Deleted...Tap a key to continue");
getch();
}
last:
getch();
}

A SQUARE WAVE WITH 1.2 MICOR SEC DELAY, USING TIMER CVAVR ATMEGA16

2010-04-19T02:37:00.000-07:00

/*****************************************************
This program was produced by the
CodeWizardAVR V2.03.9 Standard
Automatic Program Generator

© Copyright 1998-2008 Pavel Haiduc, HP InfoTech s.r.l.
http://www.hpinfotech.com

Project :
Version :
Date    : 05-04-2010
Author : VIKAS
Company : ETM
Comments:

Chip type               : ATmega16
Program type            : Application
AVR Core Clock frequency: 8.000000 MHz
Memory model            : Small
External RAM size       : 0
Data Stack size         : 256
*****************************************************/

#include
#include

interrupt [TIM0_OVF] void timer0_ovf_isr(void)
{
     //PORTC.3=0;
     #asm("CBI 0x15,3")
     TCCR0=0b00000000;
     TCNT0=205;
}
// Declare your global variables here

void main(void)
{
// Declare your local variables here
// unsigned int BTN_H=0;
// Input/Output Ports initialization
// Port A initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTA=0x00;
DDRA=0x00;

// Port B initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTB=0xFF;
DDRB=0x00;

// Port C initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0x00;

DDRC.3=1; //output

DDRC.2=0;   //input
PORTC.2=1;
// Port D initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0xff;

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: T0 pin Falling Edge
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC0 output: Disconnected
//TCCR0=0x06;
TCCR0=0b00000000;                   //0b00000101;
TCNT0=205;
OCR0=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 1 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh
// OC1A output: Discon.
// OC1B output: Discon.
// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge
// Timer 1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: Off
// Compare A Match Interrupt: Off
// Compare B Match Interrupt: Off
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;
TCNT1=65535;
TCCR1A=0b00000000;
TCCR1B=0b00000000;   //SELECT CLOCK HRER CS

// Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 2 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC2 output: Disconnected
ASSR=0x00;
TCCR2=0x00;
TCNT2=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;

// External Interrupt(s) initialization
// INT0: Off
// INT1: Off
// INT2: Off
MCUCR=0x00;
MCUCSR=0x00;

// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=0b00000001;                  //6 bit timer2 0 bit tiemr0   2 bit timer1

#asm("sei")
// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator: Off
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;

while (1)
      {

      if (PINC.2==0)
      {
       //TCCR0=0b00000001;
       //PORTC.3=1;
       #asm ("SBI 0x15,3")
       #asm("nop")
       #asm("nop")
       #asm("nop")
       #asm("nop")
       #asm("nop")
       #asm("nop")
       #asm("nop")
       #asm("nop")
       #asm("CBI 0x15,3")
      // BTN_H=1;
        delay_ms(2000);
      }


     //if (PINC.2==1)
     // BTN_H=0;


      /*

        if (PINC.2==0 && BTN_H==0)
          {
            PORTC.3=1;
            delay_ms(8000);
              PORTC.3=0;
          }

         if (PINC.2==1)
       BTN_H=0;
        */


      };
}

READ ADC VOLTAGE 0-255 FROM PORTA PIN A-0,A-1 CVAVR ATMEGA16

2010-04-19T02:33:00.000-07:00

/*****************************************************
This program was produced by the
CodeWizardAVR V2.03.9 Standard
Automatic Program Generator
© Copyright 1998-2008 Pavel Haiduc, HP InfoTech s.r.l.
http://www.hpinfotech.com

Project : two_adc
Version :
Date    : 19-04-2010
Author : Vikas Sharma
Company : ETM
Comments:

Chip type               : ATmega16
Program type            : Application
AVR Core Clock frequency: 8.000000 MHz
Memory model            : Small
External RAM size       : 0
Data Stack size         : 256
*****************************************************/

#include

// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions
#asm
   .equ __lcd_port=0x15 ;PORTC
#endasm
#include

#include
#include

#define ADC_VREF_TYPE 0x20

// Read the 8 most significant bits of the AD conversion result
unsigned char read_adc(unsigned char adc_input)
{
    ADMUX=adc_input | (ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff);
    // Delay needed for the stabilization of the ADC input voltage
    delay_us(10);
    // Start the AD conversion
    ADCSRA|=0x40;
    // Wait for the AD conversion to complete
    while ((ADCSRA & 0x10)==0);
    ADCSRA|=0x10;
    return ADCH;
}

// Declare your global variables here

void main(void)
{
// Declare your local variables here
unsigned int volt, volt1;
unsigned char b[20];
// Input/Output Ports initialization
// Port A initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTA=0x00;
DDRA=0x00;

// Port B initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTB=0xFF;
DDRB=0x00;

// Port C initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0xFF;

// Port D initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0xFF;

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 0 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC0 output: Disconnected
TCCR0=0x00;
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 1 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh
// OC1A output: Discon.
// OC1B output: Discon.
// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge
// Timer 1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: Off
// Compare A Match Interrupt: Off
// Compare B Match Interrupt: Off
TCCR1A=0x00;
TCCR1B=0x00;
TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 2 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC2 output: Disconnected
ASSR=0x00;
TCCR2=0x00;
TCNT2=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;

// External Interrupt(s) initialization
// INT0: Off
// INT1: Off
// INT2: Off
MCUCR=0x00;
MCUCSR=0x00;

// Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
TIMSK=0x00;

// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator: Off
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;

// ADC initialization
// ADC Clock frequency: 1000.000 kHz
// ADC Voltage Reference: AREF pin
// ADC Auto Trigger Source: None
ADMUX=ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff;
ADCSRA=0xA6;
SFIOR&=0x1F;

// LCD module initialization
lcd_init(20);

while (1)
      {
      // Place your code here
             ADMUX=0x20 & 0xff ;                      //SET PIN PORTA.0
             delay_ms(10);
             volt=(unsigned int) read_adc(0);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             sprintf(b,"%u ",volt) ;
             lcd_puts(b);
             delay_ms(100);

             ADMUX=0x21 & 0xff;                             //SET PIN PORTA.1
             delay_ms(10);
             volt1=(unsigned int) read_adc(1);

          //ADMUX=0x22 & 0xff;                             //SET PIN PORTA.2            AND SO......ON.......


            lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
           sprintf(b,"%u ",volt1) ;
                     lcd_puts(b);

           lcd_gotoxy(0,2);
            lcd_putsf("VIKAS");

          lcd_gotoxy(0,3);
          lcd_putsf("VIKAS");
            delay_ms(100);
      };
}

Atmega16 code Timer example, using external oscilator, watchdog timer

2010-03-30T23:51:00.000-07:00

/*****************************************************
Chip type               : ATmega16
Program type            : Application
AVR Core Clock frequency: 16.000000 MHz External Crystal
Memory model            : Small
External RAM size       : 0
Data Stack size         : 256
*****************************************************/

#include mega16.h
#include delay.h
#include stdio.h
// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions
#asm
   .equ __lcd_port=0x15 ;PORTC
#endasm
#include lcd.h>
#define ADC_VREF_TYPE 0x20

// Read the 8 most significant bits of the AD conversion result
unsigned char read_adc(unsigned char adc_input)
{
    ADMUX=adc_input | (ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff);
    // Delay needed for the stabilization of the ADC input voltage
    delay_us(10);
    // Start the AD conversion
    ADCSRA|=0x40;
    // Wait for the AD conversion to complete
    while ((ADCSRA & 0x10)==0);
    ADCSRA|=0x10;
    return ADCH;
}

// global variables
//unsigned int freq_array[]={50,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450,500,550,600,650,700,750,800,850,900,950,1000} ;
//unsigned int no_of_pulses[]={2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40} ;
//unsigned int pc_array[]={1,2,5,10,20,50,100,200,500,1000} ;
void PC_OUTPUTS(void);
void DELAY(void);
void CODE(void);
void ADC_DELAY(unsigned int);

unsigned int actual_delay_time,volt;
unsigned int FREQ_COUNTER=2;
unsigned int PC_COUNTER=1;
unsigned int var=1;
unsigned int var2=1;
unsigned int BTN_0=0;
unsigned int BTN_1=0;
unsigned int BTN_2=0;
unsigned int BTN_3=0;
unsigned int BTN_4=0;
unsigned int S_10=0;
unsigned int ON_OFF_FLAG=0;       //CAL ON/OFF flag

//EEPROM VARS
#pragma warn-
eeprom unsigned int EE_FREQ_COUNTER=2 ;
eeprom unsigned int EE_PC_COUNTER=1 ;
unsigned int eeprom *ptr_EE_FREQ_COUNTER;
unsigned int eeprom *ptr_EE_PC_COUNTER;
#pragma warn+
unsigned int *ptr_FREQ_COUNTER,*ptr_PC_COUNTER;

//Timer 1 overflow interrupt service routine
interrupt [TIM1_OVF] void timer1_ovf_isr(void)
{
        PORTD.7=~PORTD.7;                       //High-Low pulse
        TCNT1=actual_delay_time;
}

interrupt [TIM0_OVF] void timer0_ovf_isr(void)
{
   var++;                    //Approx. 10 sec delay
   if (var > 10000)
   {
      var=1;
      S_10++;
   }
   if(S_10 == 10)
    {
      PORTD.2=0;                       //High-Low pulse
      S_10=0;
      TCCR0=0b00000000;
    }
   TCNT0=0xFF;
}

interrupt [TIM2_OVF] void timer2_ovf_isr(void)
{
   var2++;         //Push buttons delay
   if (var2 > 54000)
   {
        var2=1;
        BTN_0=0;
        BTN_1=0;
        BTN_2=0;
        BTN_3=0;
        BTN_4=0;
   }
    TCNT2=0xFF;
}

void main(void)
{
// Input/Output Ports initialization
// Port A initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTA=0x00;
DDRA=0x00;

// Port B initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTB=0xFF;
DDRB=0x00;          //input   push buttons

// Port C initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0xff;           //output         lcd

// Port D initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0xff;           //output     led

DDRD.3=0;
PORTD.3=1;

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 0 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC0 output: Disconnected
TCCR0=0b00000000;                   //0b00000101;
TCNT0=0xFF;
OCR0=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer1 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh
// OC1A output: Discon.
// OC1B output: Discon.
// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge
// Timer1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: Off
// Compare A Match Interrupt: Off
// Compare B Match Interrupt: Off
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;
TCNT1=55535;
TCCR1A=0b00000000;
TCCR1B=0b00000010;   //SELECT CLOCK HRER CS

// Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer2 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC2 output: Disconnected
ASSR=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;
TCCR2=0b00000101;
TCNT2=0xFF;

// External Interrupt(s) initialization
// INT0: Off
// INT1: Off
// INT2: Off
MCUCR=0x00;
MCUCSR=0x00;

//Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
//TIMSK=0x00;
TIMSK=0b01000101;                  //6 bit timer2 0 bit tiemr0   2 bit timer1
// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator:
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;
ADMUX=ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff;
ADCSRA=0xA6;
SFIOR&=0x1F;

lcd_init(20);
lcd_clear();
lcd_putsf("ETM");

ptr_EE_FREQ_COUNTER=&EE_FREQ_COUNTER;
ptr_EE_PC_COUNTER=&EE_PC_COUNTER;
ptr_FREQ_COUNTER=&FREQ_COUNTER;
ptr_PC_COUNTER=&PC_COUNTER;
*ptr_FREQ_COUNTER=*ptr_EE_FREQ_COUNTER;
*ptr_PC_COUNTER=*ptr_EE_PC_COUNTER;

#asm("sei")
DELAY();
PC_OUTPUTS();

// Watchdog Timer initialization
// Watchdog Timer Prescaler: OSC/256k
#pragma optsize-
WDTCR=0x1C;
WDTCR=0b00001111;
#ifdef _OPTIMIZE_SIZE_
#pragma optsize+
#endif

PORTD.7=0;
TCCR1A=0b00000000;
TCCR1B=0b00000000;       //STOP TIMER
lcd_gotoxy(13,1);
lcd_putsf("OFF");

while (1)
      {
         //read voltage from PORTA.0 0 - 255
         WDTCR=0b00001111;
         volt=(unsigned int)read_adc(0);                                 //100 us
         if (S_10==0)
         {
             if(PIND.3==0)
             {
              PORTD.2=1;
              S_10=1;
              TCCR0=0b00000101;
             }
         }
        DELAY();
        WDTCR=0b00001111;
        CODE();
        delay_ms(350);
      };                                                        //END OF WHILE LOOP
}                                                               //END OF MAIN

void CODE()
{
        //CAL ON OFF
        if (PINB.4 == 0 && BTN_4==0)
         {
            if (ON_OFF_FLAG==1)
            {
                ON_OFF_FLAG=0;
                lcd_gotoxy(13,1);
                lcd_putsf("OFF");
                PORTD.7=0;
                TCCR1A=0b00000000;
                TCCR1B=0b00000000;   //STOP TIMER
            }
            else
            {
                ON_OFF_FLAG=1;
                lcd_gotoxy(13,1);
                lcd_putsf(" ON");
                PC_OUTPUTS();
                TCCR1A=0b00000000;
                TCCR1B=0b00000010;   //START TIMER           prescaler=8
                //PORTD.2=1;
                //TCCR0=0b00000101;
            }
            BTN_4=1;
         }
         if (PINB.4 == 1)
            BTN_4=0;

        //INCREASE NO OF PULSES PORTB 0 PIN
        if (PINB.0 == 0 && BTN_0==0)
         {
            if (FREQ_COUNTER < 40)
             {
              FREQ_COUNTER=FREQ_COUNTER+2;
              *ptr_EE_FREQ_COUNTER=*ptr_FREQ_COUNTER;
             }
             else
             {
              FREQ_COUNTER=2;
              *ptr_EE_FREQ_COUNTER=*ptr_FREQ_COUNTER;
             }
             BTN_0=1;
         }
        if (PINB.0 == 1)
            BTN_0=0;

        //DECREASE NO OF PULSES PORTB 1 PIN
        if (PINB.1 == 0 && BTN_1==0)
         {
            if (FREQ_COUNTER > 2)
             {
                FREQ_COUNTER=FREQ_COUNTER - 2;
               *ptr_EE_FREQ_COUNTER=*ptr_FREQ_COUNTER;
             }
             else
             {
               FREQ_COUNTER=40;
               *ptr_EE_FREQ_COUNTER=*ptr_FREQ_COUNTER;
             }
             BTN_1=1;
         }
        if (PINB.1 == 1)
            BTN_1=0;

        //INCREASE IN PC COUNT PORTB 2 PIN
        if (PINB.3 == 0 && BTN_2==0)
         {
            if (PC_COUNTER < 10)
             {
                PC_COUNTER++;
                PC_OUTPUTS();
               *ptr_EE_PC_COUNTER=*ptr_PC_COUNTER;
             }
             else
             {
                PC_COUNTER=1;
                PC_OUTPUTS();
               *ptr_EE_PC_COUNTER=*ptr_PC_COUNTER;
             }
             BTN_2=1;
         }
        if (PINB.3 == 1)
            BTN_2=0;

        //DECREAE IN PC COUNT PORTB 2 PIN
        if (PINB.2 == 0 && BTN_3 == 0)
         {
            if (PC_COUNTER > 1)
             {
                PC_COUNTER--;
                PC_OUTPUTS();
                *ptr_EE_PC_COUNTER=*ptr_PC_COUNTER;
             }
             else
             {
                PC_COUNTER=10;
                PC_OUTPUTS();
                *ptr_EE_PC_COUNTER=*ptr_PC_COUNTER;
             }
             BTN_3=1;
         }

        if (PINB.2 == 1)
            BTN_3=0;

        //BATTERY INDICATION PORTB 5 PIN - LO   6 - OK 7 - CH
        if (PINB.6 == 0)
         {
            lcd_gotoxy(10,0);
            lcd_putsf("BAT OK");
         }
         else if (PINB.7 == 0)
         {
            lcd_gotoxy(10,0);
            lcd_putsf("BAT CH");
         }
         else if (PINB.5 == 0)
         {
            lcd_gotoxy(10,0);
            lcd_putsf("BAT LO");
         }
         else
         {
            lcd_gotoxy(10,0);
            lcd_putsf("      ");
         }
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Procedure:    PC_OUTPUTS
Inputs:        none
Return:        none
Description:    Vary the 5 PC signals
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

void PC_OUTPUTS(void)
{
       lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
       switch (PC_COUNTER)
       {
         case 1:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=1;
             //lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("CAL PC 1   ");
             break;
         case 2:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=1;
             PORTD.4=0;
             PORTD.5=1;
             PORTD.6=0;
             //lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
               lcd_putsf("CAL PC 2 ");
             break;
         case 3:
             PORTD.0=1;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=1;
             PORTD.6=0;
             //lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
               lcd_putsf("CAL PC 5   ");
             break;
         case 4:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=1;
             PORTD.6=0;
             //lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
               lcd_putsf("CAL PC 10 ");
             break;
         case 5:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=1;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             //lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("CAL PC 20 ");
             break;
          case 6:
             PORTD.0=1;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             //lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
              lcd_putsf("CAL PC 50 ");
             break;
         case 7:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             //lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
              lcd_putsf("CAL PC 100 ");
             break;
         case 8:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=1;
             PORTD.4=0;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("CAL PC 200 ");
             break;
         case 9:
             PORTD.0=1;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=0;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             //lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("CAL PC 500 ");
             break;
         case 10:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=0;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
              lcd_putsf("CAL PC 1000");
             break;
         default:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=1;
             PORTD.6=0;
             //lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             //sprintf(str_buffer,"ERROR PC - %u",PC_COUNTER) ;
             lcd_putsf("INC MAG");
             PC_COUNTER=1;

       };
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Procedure:    ADC_DELAY
Inputs:        DELAY (STEP) TIME
Return:        none
Description:    DELAY +/- 2.5%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void ADC_DELAY(unsigned int delay_time)
{
    actual_delay_time=65535 - (delay_time*2-3);
    if ( volt < 128)
    {
        actual_delay_time= 65535 -(( delay_time - (delay_time / 100) * (10 - (8 * volt / 100 ) ) ) )*2-3;
    }
    if (volt > 128 && volt < 256)
    {
        actual_delay_time= 65535 -(( delay_time + (delay_time / 100) * (8 * (volt - 128) / 100 ) ) )*2-3;
    }

    if (volt == 127 || volt == 128)
         actual_delay_time=65535 - (delay_time*2-3);

   WDTCR=0b00001111;
}

/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Procedure:    DELAY
Inputs:        none
Return:        none
Description:    Vary the Delay of signal
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void DELAY(void)
{
     lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
     switch (FREQ_COUNTER)
       {
         case 2:
             ADC_DELAY(10000);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 2 ");
             break;
         case 4:
             ADC_DELAY(5000);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 4 ");
             break;
         case 6:
             ADC_DELAY(3333);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 6 ");
             break;
         case 8:
             ADC_DELAY(2500);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 8 ");
             break;
         case 10:
             ADC_DELAY(2000);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 10");
             break;
         case 12:
             ADC_DELAY(1667);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 12");
             break;
         case 14:
             ADC_DELAY(1428);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 14");
             break;
         case 16:
             ADC_DELAY(1250);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 16");
             break;
         case 18:
             ADC_DELAY(1111);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 18");
             break;
         case 20:
             ADC_DELAY(1000);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 20");
             break;
         case 22:
             ADC_DELAY(909);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 22");
             break;
         case 24:
             ADC_DELAY(833);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 24");
             break;
         case 26:
             ADC_DELAY(769);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 26");
             break;
         case 28:
             ADC_DELAY(714);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 28");
             break;
         case 30:
             ADC_DELAY(667);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 30");
             break;
         case 32:
             ADC_DELAY(625);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 32");
             break;
         case 34:
             ADC_DELAY(588);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 34");
             break;
         case 36:
             ADC_DELAY(556);
            lcd_putsf("PUL NO 36");
             break;
         case 38:
             ADC_DELAY(526);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 38");
             break;
         case 40:
             ADC_DELAY(500);
             lcd_putsf("PUL NO 40");
             break;
         default:
             ADC_DELAY(500);
             //sprintf(str_buffer,"ERROR-%u",FREQ_COUNTER) ;
             lcd_putsf("INC/DEC");
             FREQ_COUNTER=2;
       };

}

Fuse Bits for External Crystal in ATmega16

2010-03-30T23:46:00.000-07:00

How to create a DLL in VC++ and use Assembly code in it?

2010-03-24T22:42:00.000-07:00

Create a DLL in VC++ and use assembly code in it.
----------------------------------------------------
sysinfo.h

#include
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int __stdcall getCPUFamily());

---------------------------------------------------------------------
sysinfo.cpp

#include "SysInfo.h"
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int __stdcall getCPUFamily() {
    int retVal;
//This is how to use assembly code
    _asm {
        mov eax, 1
        cpuid
        mov retVal, eax
    }

    return (retVal >> 8);
}

How to use a DLL in VB.NET, Created In VB.NET

2010-03-24T22:26:00.000-07:00

Use a DLL in VB.NET which is created in VB.NET
---------------------------------------
Start a new project (Windows Application) and Code
Then : Project -> Add Reference -> locate DLL created in VB.NET and press "Ok"-button.
--------------------------------------------------------
Imports System
Public Class Form1
    Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
        Dim obj As New ClassLibrary1.Class1
        Dim a() As Integer = {20, 21}
        Dim b() As Integer = {0, 0}

        Dim i As Integer
        obj.Main(a, b)          'DLL function calling

        For Each i In b
            MessageBox.Show(i.ToString)
        Next
    End Sub
End Class
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Form1 has button1 which will call main funcion of DLL.

Also See : How to create dll in VB.NET

How to create a DLL in VB.NET?

2010-03-24T22:18:00.000-07:00

Creating a DLL in VB.NET
---------------------------------------------
Start a project as Classlibray and add CODE
----------------------------------------------
Imports System.Windows.Forms
Public Class Class1

    Public Sub Main(ByVal ary() As Integer, ByVal ary_2() As Integer)
        'populate the array
        Dim i As Integer
        For i = 0 To ary.Length - 1
            ary_2(i) = ary(i) + 10
        Next i
       MessageBox.Show("10 has been added in each array element of ary1.")
    End Sub
End Class
------------------------------
*** To use Messagebox in VB.NET DLL you have to:
Do this : Project menu select "Add Reference". and locate System.Windows.Forms, select it and press
OK button.
---------------------------------------------
Now bulid you get DLL file in the Debug or Release folder as per settings.

Also See : How to use DLL in VB.NETcreated in VB.NET

Access database in vb.net code example

2010-03-24T04:48:00.000-07:00

Module
database.vb
-------------------------------
Imports System.Data.OleDb
Module database
    Public Sub connectDatabase()

        Dim cn As OleDbConnection
        Dim cmd As OleDbCommand
        Dim dr As OleDbDataReader

        Try
            cn = New OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=IMPULSE_ANALYZER_DETAILS.mdb;")
            'provider to be used when working with access database
            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
                cn.Open()
            Else
                MessageBox.Show("Opened Already")
            End If

            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Open Then
                'MessageBox.Show("open")

                cmd = New OleDbCommand("select * from IA_TABLE", cn)
                dr = cmd.ExecuteReader
                readDatabase(cmd, cn, dr)
                dr.Close()
                cn.Close()
            Else
                MessageBox.Show("Not open")
            End If

        Catch

        End Try

    End Sub

    Public Sub readDatabase(ByVal cmd As OleDbCommand, ByVal cn As OleDbConnection, ByVal dr As OleDbDataReader)
        Main.ListBox_Customer_List.Items.Clear()
        Cust_Array_List.Clear()
        main.CB_CS_S_NO.Items.Clear()
        main.CB_SITE_NAME.Items.Clear()
        main.CB_DIV_CARD_NO.Items.Clear()
        main.CD_DATE.Items.Clear()
        If dr.HasRows Then
            While dr.Read()
                Dim New_Obj_Customser As IA
                New_Obj_Customser.CS_S_NO = dr(1)
                main.CB_CS_S_NO.Items.Add(dr(1))
                New_Obj_Customser.SITE_NAME = dr(2)
                main.CB_SITE_NAME.Items.Add(dr(2))
                New_Obj_Customser.DIV_CARD_NO = dr(3)
                main.CB_DIV_CARD_NO.Items.Add(dr(3))
                New_Obj_Customser.D_DATE = dr(4)
                main.CD_DATE.Items.Add(dr(4))
                Cust_Array_List.Add(New_Obj_Customser)
                Main.ListBox_Customer_List.Items.Add(New_Obj_Customser)

            End While
        Else
            main.CB_CS_S_NO.Items.Clear()
            main.CB_DIV_CARD_NO.Items.Clear()
            main.CB_SITE_NAME.Items.Clear()
            main.CD_DATE.Items.Clear()
            If MessageBox.Show("NO ROW FOUND!!!!" & Environment.NewLine & "WANT TO ADD NOW?", "NO ROW FOUND", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) = DialogResult.Yes Then
                ADD_NEW_FORM.Show()
                ADD_NEW_FORM.BTN_NEW.PerformClick()
            End If

        End If

    End Sub
    Public Sub writeDatabase(ByVal name, ByVal add, ByVal mob, ByVal email, ByVal DES)

        Dim cn As OleDbConnection
        Dim cmd As OleDbCommand
        Dim dr As OleDbDataReader

        Try
            cn = New OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=IMPULSE_ANALYZER_DETAILS.mdb;")
            'provider to be used when working with access database
            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
                cn.Open()
                ' MessageBox.Show("open")
            Else
                MessageBox.Show("open already")
            End If

            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Open Then
                'MessageBox.Show(objCh1_FULL.isON & " " & objCh1_FULL.isScale)
                'QUERY TO UPDATE ALL SETTINGS
                cmd = New OleDbCommand("insert into IA_TABLE(CS_SERIAL_NO, SITE_NAME, DIV_CARD_NO, D_DATE, DESCRIPTION) Values('" & name & "' , '" & add & "' , '" & mob & "', '" & email & "', '" & DES & "')", cn)
                ' cmd = New OleDbCommand("select * from IA_TABLE", cn)
                dr = cmd.ExecuteReader

                dr.Close()
                cn.Close()
            End If
        Catch es As Exception
            MessageBox.Show(es.ToString)
        End Try

    End Sub
    Public Sub delDatabase(ByVal S_NO_DEL)
        Dim query_str As String = "Delete from IA_TABLE where CS_SERIAL_NO ='" & S_NO_DEL & "'"
        MessageBox.Show(query_str)

        Dim cn As OleDbConnection
        Dim cmd As OleDbCommand
        Dim dr As OleDbDataReader

        Try
            cn = New OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=IMPULSE_ANALYZER_DETAILS.mdb;")
            'provider to be used when working with access database
            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
                cn.Open()
                ' MessageBox.Show("open")
            Else
                MessageBox.Show("open already")
            End If

            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Open Then
                'MessageBox.Show(objCh1_FULL.isON & " " & objCh1_FULL.isScale)
                'QUERY TO UPDATE ALL SETTINGS
                cmd = New OleDbCommand(query_str, cn)
                ' cmd = New OleDbCommand("select * from IA_TABLE", cn)
                dr = cmd.ExecuteReader

                dr.Close()
                cn.Close()
            End If
        Catch es As Exception
            MessageBox.Show(es.ToString)
        End Try

    End Sub

    'Public Sub selDatabase(ByVal name)
    '    'MessageBox.Show(name & " " & add & " " & mob & " " & email)

    '    Dim cn As OleDbConnection
    '    Dim cmd As OleDbCommand
    '    Dim dr As OleDbDataReader

    '    Try
    '        cn = New OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=IMPULSE_ANALYZER_DETAILS.mdb;")
    '        'provider to be used when working with access database
    '        If cn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
    '            cn.Open()
    '            ' MessageBox.Show("open")
    '        Else
    '            MessageBox.Show("open already")
    '        End If

    '        If cn.State = ConnectionState.Open Then
    '            'MessageBox.Show(objCh1_FULL.isON & " " & objCh1_FULL.isScale)
    '            'QUERY TO UPDATE ALL SETTINGS
    '            cmd = New OleDbCommand("select * from IA_TABLE where NAME ='" & name & "'", cn)
    '            ' cmd = New OleDbCommand("select * from IA_TABLE", cn)
    '            dr = cmd.ExecuteReader
    '            If dr.HasRows Then
    '                While dr.Read()
    '                    Main.Tb_CS_S_NOM.Text = dr(1)
    '                    Main.Tb_Cust_AddM.Text = dr(2)

    '                    Main.Tb_SITE_NAMEM.Text = dr(3)
    '                    Main.Tb_D_DATEM.Text = dr(4)
    '                End While
    '            End If

    '            dr.Close()
    '            cn.Close()
    '        End If
    '    Catch es As Exception
    '        MessageBox.Show(es.ToString)
    '    End Try

    'End Sub
    Public Sub modifyDatabase()

        Dim cn As OleDbConnection
        Dim cmd As OleDbCommand
        Dim dr As OleDbDataReader

        Try
            cn = New OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=IMPULSE_ANALYZER_DETAILS.mdb;")
            'provider to be used when working with access database
            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
                cn.Open()
                ' MessageBox.Show("open")
            Else
                MessageBox.Show("open already")
            End If

            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Open Then
                'MessageBox.Show(objCh1_FULL.isON & " " & objCh1_FULL.isScale)
                'QUERY TO UPDATE ALL SETTINGS
                cmd = New OleDbCommand("update IA_TABLE set CS_SERIAL_NO ='" & ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Text & _
                "' , SITE_NAME='" & ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_SITE_NAME.Text & "' , DIV_CARD_NO='" & _
                ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Text & "' , D_DATE='" & ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DEL_DATE.Text & _
                "' , DESCRIPTION='" & ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DES.Text & _
                "' where CS_SERIAL_NO = '" & ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Text & "' ", cn)
                ' cmd = New OleDbCommand("select * from IA_TABLE", cn)
                dr = cmd.ExecuteReader

                dr.Close()
                cn.Close()
            End If
        Catch es As Exception
            MessageBox.Show(es.ToString)
        End Try
    End Sub

    Public Function isDuplicateRow(ByVal name, ByVal add, ByVal mob, ByVal email) As Boolean
        'MessageBox.Show(name & " " & add & " " & mob & " " & email)

        Dim cn As OleDbConnection
        Dim cmd As OleDbCommand
        Dim dr As OleDbDataReader

        Try
            cn = New OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=IMPULSE_ANALYZER_DETAILS.mdb;")
            'provider to be used when working with access database
            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
                cn.Open()
                ' MessageBox.Show("open")
            Else
                MessageBox.Show("open already")
            End If

            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Open Then

                'QUERY TO UPDATE ALL SETTINGS
                cmd = New OleDbCommand("select * from IA_TABLE where NAME ='" & name & "' and ADDRESS='" & add & "' and MOB='" & mob & "' and EMAIL='" & email & "' ", cn)
                ' cmd = New OleDbCommand("select * from IA_TABLE", cn)
                dr = cmd.ExecuteReader
                If dr.HasRows Then
                    ' While dr.Read()
                    'If dr(0) = name Then
                    Return False
                    ' If
                    ' End While
                End If

                dr.Close()
                cn.Close()
            End If
            Return True
        Catch es As Exception
            MessageBox.Show(es.ToString)
        End Try

    End Function

    Public Sub searchDatabase(ByVal str)
        Dim query_str As String = "select * from IA_TABLE where CS_SERIAL_NO ='" & str & "'"
        Dim cn As OleDbConnection
        Dim cmd As OleDbCommand
        Dim dr As OleDbDataReader

        Try
            cn = New OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=IMPULSE_ANALYZER_DETAILS.mdb;")
            'provider to be used when working with access database
            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
                cn.Open()
            Else
                MessageBox.Show("Opened Already")
            End If

            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Open Then
                'MessageBox.Show("open")

                cmd = New OleDbCommand(query_str, cn)
                dr = cmd.ExecuteReader

                ' MessageBox.Show(dr.GetDataTypeName)
                If dr.HasRows Then
                    While dr.Read()

                        'MessageBox.Show(dr(1) & " | " & dr(2) & " | " & dr(3) & " | " & dr(4) & " | " & dr(5))

                        ADD_NEW_FORM.LBL_UPDATE.Text = "Cleverscope with Serial No. " & dr(1)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Text = dr(1)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_SITE_NAME.Text = dr(2)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Text = dr(3)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DEL_DATE.Text = dr(4)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DES.Text = dr(5)

                    End While

                Else
                    MessageBox.Show("No rows")
                    ' REload database
                    connectDatabase()
                End If

                dr.Close()
                cn.Close()
            Else
                MessageBox.Show("UNABLE TO OPEN.")
            End If

        Catch

        End Try

    End Sub

    Public Sub editDatabase(ByVal S_NO_DEL)
        Dim D As String = CType(S_NO_DEL + 1, String)
        Dim cn As OleDbConnection
        Dim cmd As OleDbCommand
        Dim dr As OleDbDataReader
        Dim query_str As String = "select * from IA_TABLE where S_NO ='" & D & "'"
        Try
            cn = New OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=IMPULSE_ANALYZER_DETAILS.mdb;")
            'provider to be used when working with access database
            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Closed Then
                cn.Open()
            Else
                MessageBox.Show("Opened Already")
            End If

            If cn.State = ConnectionState.Open Then
                'MessageBox.Show("open")
                cmd = New OleDbCommand(query_str, cn)
                dr = cmd.ExecuteReader
                ' MessageBox.Show(dr.GetDataTypeName)
                If dr.HasRows Then
                    While dr.Read()
                        'MessageBox.Show(dr(1) & " | " & dr(2) & " | " & dr(3) & " | " & dr(4) & " | " & dr(5))
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.BTN_SAVE.Visible = False
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.BTN_NEW.Visible = True
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.LBL_UPDATE.Text = "Edit: Cleverscope with Serial No. " & dr(1)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Text = dr(1)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_SITE_NAME.Text = dr(2)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Text = dr(3)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DEL_DATE.Text = dr(4)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DES.Text = dr(5)
                        ADD_NEW_FORM.Show()
                        MessageBox.Show("No rowdsf.")

                        'ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Enabled = False
                        'ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_SITE_NAME.Enabled = False
                        'ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Enabled = False
                        'ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DEL_DATE.Enabled = False
                        'ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DES.Enabled = False
                    End While
                Else
                    MessageBox.Show("No rows found.")
                    ' REload database
                    connectDatabase()
                End If
                dr.Close()
                cn.Close()
            Else
                MessageBox.Show("UNABLE TO OPEN.")
            End If
        Catch
        End Try
    End Sub
End Module
---------------------------------------
2. Functions.vb

Imports System.Xml
Module functios
    Public SITE_NAME, CS_SERIAL_NO, DIV_CARD_NO As String
    Public DELIVERY_DATE As Date

    Public Cust_Array_List As New ArrayList()
    Public SORTBY As String

    Public NM = 0, MB = 0, AD = 0, EM = 0
    'Structure contains the IA detail
    Public Structure IA
        Implements IComparable
        Public CS_S_NO As String
        Public SITE_NAME As String
        Public DIV_CARD_NO As String
        Public D_DATE As String
        'When Ever a IA structure added to the list, the LISTBOX calls the ToString method and we override it here
        Public Overrides Function ToString() As String
            Return "CS S.NO:- " & CS_S_NO & " | " & "SITE:- " & SITE_NAME & " | " & "DIV CARD NO.:- " & DIV_CARD_NO & " | " & "DATE:- " & D_DATE
        End Function

        'Since the ArrayList does not have the capability to sort objects as it would strings,
        'so to do tht Implement an IComparable.CompareTo function to facilitate the sort.
        'Obviously, you can expand or modify the CompareTo function to sort on multiple properties of different types.

        Public Function CompareTo(ByVal obj As Object) As Integer _
           Implements System.IComparable.CompareTo
            If Not TypeOf obj Is IA Then
                Throw New Exception("Object is not MyObject")
            End If
            Dim Compare As IA = CType(obj, IA)
            Dim result As Integer
            Select Case SORTBY
                Case "Name"
                    result = Me.CS_S_NO.CompareTo(Compare.CS_S_NO)
                Case "Mob"
                    result = Me.SITE_NAME.CompareTo(Compare.SITE_NAME)
                Case "Address"
                    result = Me.DIV_CARD_NO.CompareTo(Compare.DIV_CARD_NO)
                Case "EMail"
                    result = Me.D_DATE.CompareTo(Compare.D_DATE)
                Case Else
                    result = Me.CS_S_NO.CompareTo(Compare.CS_S_NO)
            End Select
            ' Dim result As Integer = Me.CS_S_NO.CompareTo(Compare.CS_S_NO)

            If result = 0 Then
                result = Me.CS_S_NO.CompareTo(obj.CS_S_NO)
            End If
            Return result
        End Function
    End Structure

    Public Function SimpleCrypt(ByVal Text As String) As String
        ' Encrypts/decrypts the passed string using
        ' a simple ASCII value-swapping algorithm
        Dim strTempChar As String, i As Integer
        strTempChar = ""
        For i = 1 To Len(Text)
            If Asc(Mid$(Text, i, 1)) < 133 Then
                strTempChar = CType(Asc(Mid$(Text, i, 1)) + 133, String)
            ElseIf Asc(Mid$(Text, i, 1)) > 133 Then
                strTempChar = _
          CType(Asc(Mid$(Text, i, 1)) - 133, String)
            End If
            Mid$(Text, i, 1) = Chr(CType(strTempChar, Integer))
        Next i
        Return Text
    End Function

    Public Sub GENERATE_CS_SERIAL_NO_FILE(ByVal F_N As String)
        Dim writer As New XmlTextWriter(F_N, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8)
        Try

            writer.WriteStartDocument(True)
            writer.Formatting = Formatting.Indented
            writer.Indentation = 2

            writer.WriteStartElement("HARDWARE")
            writer.WriteStartElement("WARNING")
            writer.WriteString("HARDWARE FILE, ANY CHANGE MAY LEAD TO IRRELEVANT RESULTS.")
            writer.WriteEndElement()

            writer.WriteStartElement("HARDWARE_NUMBER")
            writer.WriteStartElement("HARDWARE_NUMBER_A")
            'GET CLEVER SCOPE SERIAL NUMBER FROM THE TEXT BOX
            writer.WriteString(SimpleCrypt(main.TB_CS_NO.Text))
            writer.WriteEndElement()

            writer.WriteStartElement("HARDWARE_NUMBER_B")
            'FOR FUTURE USE
            writer.WriteString(SimpleCrypt(main.TB_CS_NO.Text))
            writer.WriteEndElement()

            writer.WriteEndDocument()
            writer.Close()
            MessageBox.Show("FILE SAVED AS " & F_N, "FILE SAVED", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
        Catch ex As Exception
            MessageBox.Show("FILE NOT SAVED!!!!!!!!!!", "FILE NOT SAVED", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation)
            writer.Close()

        Finally

        End Try

    End Sub

    'Public Sub read_calibration_file()
    '    Dim f As New FileInfo("c:\KVM_CALIBRATION.xml")
    '    If f.Exists Then
    '        Try
    '            Dim xmldoc As New XmlDataDocument()
    '            Dim xmlnode As XmlNodeList

    '            Dim fs As New System.IO.FileStream("c:\KVM_CALIBRATION.xml", FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
    '            xmldoc.Load(fs)

    '            ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
    '            'CHANNEL 0
    '            xmlnode = xmldoc.GetElementsByTagName("CH0")
    '            AC_OFFSET_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(0).InnerText.Trim())
    '            AC_GAIN_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(1).InnerText.Trim())
    '            DC_OFFSET_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(2).InnerText.Trim())
    '            DC_GAIN_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(3).InnerText.Trim())

    '            AVG_AC_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(4).InnerText.Trim())
    '            AVG_DC_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(5).InnerText.Trim())
    '            RMS_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(6).InnerText.Trim())
    '            PEAK_POS_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(7).InnerText.Trim())

    '            PEAK_NEG_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(8).InnerText.Trim())
    '            PEAK_POS_ROOT2_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(9).InnerText.Trim())
    '            PEAK_NEG_ROOT2_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(10).InnerText.Trim())
    '            AVG_PEAK_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(11).InnerText.Trim())
    '            PEAK_FACTOR_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(12).InnerText.Trim())
    '            RIPPLE_CH0 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(13).InnerText.Trim())

    '            ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
    '            'CHANNEL 1
    '            xmlnode = xmldoc.GetElementsByTagName("CH1")
    '            AC_OFFSET_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(0).InnerText.Trim())
    '            AC_GAIN_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(1).InnerText.Trim())
    '            DC_OFFSET_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(2).InnerText.Trim())
    '            DC_GAIN_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(3).InnerText.Trim())

    '            AVG_AC_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(4).InnerText.Trim())
    '            AVG_DC_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(5).InnerText.Trim())
    '            RMS_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(6).InnerText.Trim())
    '            PEAK_POS_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(7).InnerText.Trim())

    '            PEAK_NEG_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(8).InnerText.Trim())
    '            PEAK_POS_ROOT2_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(9).InnerText.Trim())
    '            PEAK_NEG_ROOT2_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(10).InnerText.Trim())
    '            AVG_PEAK_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(11).InnerText.Trim())
    '            PEAK_FACTOR_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(12).InnerText.Trim())
    '            RIPPLE_CH1 = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(13).InnerText.Trim())

    '            ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
    '            'SYSTEM FACTORS
    '            xmlnode = xmldoc.GetElementsByTagName("SYSTEM_FACTORS")
    '            KVM_RATING = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(0).InnerText.Trim())
    '            PEAK_IN_SIG = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(1).InnerText.Trim())
    '            NOISE_CAL_THLD = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(2).InnerText.Trim())
    '            FREQ_THLD = (xmlnode(0).ChildNodes.Item(3).InnerText.Trim())

    '            fs.Close()
    '        Catch ex As Exception
    '            AC_OFFSET_CH0 = 0
    '            AC_GAIN_CH0 = 1
    '            DC_OFFSET_CH1 = 0
    '            DC_GAIN_CH1 = 1
    '            AC_OFFSET_CH0 = 0
    '            AC_GAIN_CH0 = 1
    '            DC_OFFSET_CH1 = 0
    '            DC_GAIN_CH1 = 1
    '            MessageBox.Show("HARDWARE FILE ALTERED." & Environment.NewLine & "MAY LEAD TO IRRELEVANT RESULTS.")
    '        Finally
    '            SYSTEM_RATING = KVM_RATING / PEAK_IN_SIG

    '            'THRESHOLD CHOOSING CH1 OR CH0
    '            THLD = PEAK_IN_SIG * 0.08
    '            UPPER_LIMIT = PEAK_IN_SIG * 1

    '        End Try
    '    Else
    '        MessageBox.Show("HARDWARE FILE NOT FOUND!!!!!!!!!!!" & Environment.NewLine & "KVM WILL DEFAULT VALUES")
    '    End If
    'End Sub
End Module
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

ADD_NEW_FORM.vb

Public Class ADD_NEW_FORM

    Private Sub BTN_SAVE_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_SAVE.Click
        writeDatabase(Me.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Text, Me.TB_SITE_NAME.Text, Me.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Text, Me.TB_DEL_DATE.Text, Me.TB_DES.Text)

        MessageBox.Show("NEW ENTRY SAVED.", "SAVE", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
        connectDatabase()

        Me.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Enabled = False
        Me.TB_SITE_NAME.Enabled = False
        Me.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Enabled = False
        Me.TB_DEL_DATE.Enabled = False
        Me.TB_DES.Enabled = False
        Me.BTN_SAVE.Enabled = False
        Me.btn_edit.Enabled = True
        Me.BTN_DEL.Enabled = True
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_new_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_NEW.Click
        Me.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Enabled = True
        Me.TB_SITE_NAME.Enabled = True
        Me.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Enabled = True
        Me.TB_DEL_DATE.Enabled = True
        Me.TB_DES.Enabled = True
        Me.LBL_UPDATE.Text = "Impulse Analyser: Add New"
        Me.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Text = "CS_SERIAL_NO"
        Me.TB_SITE_NAME.Text = "SITE NAME"
        Me.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Text = "DIV CARD NO"
        Me.TB_DEL_DATE.Text = "DATE"
        Me.TB_DES.Text = "DESCRIPTION"
        Me.BTN_SAVE.Enabled = True
        btn_edit.Text = "EDIT"
        Me.btn_edit.Enabled = False
        Me.BTN_DEL.Enabled = False

    End Sub

    Private Sub btn_edit_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btn_edit.Click
        If btn_edit.Text = "EDIT" Then
            btn_edit.Text = "UPDATE"
            Me.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Enabled = True
            Me.TB_SITE_NAME.Enabled = True
            Me.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Enabled = True
            Me.TB_DEL_DATE.Enabled = True
            Me.TB_DES.Enabled = True
        Else
            modifyDatabase()
            Me.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Enabled = False
            Me.TB_SITE_NAME.Enabled = False
            Me.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Enabled = False
            Me.TB_DEL_DATE.Enabled = False
            Me.TB_DES.Enabled = False
            btn_edit.Text = "EDIT"
            MessageBox.Show("ENTRY UPDATED.", "UPDATED", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
        End If


    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_DEL_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_DEL.Click
        If MessageBox.Show("SURE TO DELETE THIS ENTRY?", "DELETE", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) = Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Yes Then
            delDatabase(TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Text)

            MessageBox.Show("ENTRY DELETED.", "DELETE", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
            connectDatabase()
            Me.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Enabled = True
            Me.TB_SITE_NAME.Enabled = True
            Me.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Enabled = True
            Me.TB_DEL_DATE.Enabled = True
            Me.TB_DES.Enabled = True
            Me.LBL_UPDATE.Text = "Impulse Analyser: Add New"
            Me.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Text = "CS_SERIAL_NO"
            Me.TB_SITE_NAME.Text = "SITE NAME"
            Me.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Text = "DIV CARD NO"
            Me.TB_DEL_DATE.Text = "DATE"
            Me.TB_DES.Text = "DESCRIPTION"
            Me.BTN_SAVE.Enabled = True
            btn_edit.Text = "EDIT"
            Me.Close()
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_EXIT_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_EXIT.Click
        Me.Close()
    End Sub
End Class
---------------------------------

main.vb

Public Class main

    Private Sub BTN_CS_S_NO_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_CS_S_NO.Click
        If TB_CS_NO.Text = "" Then
            MessageBox.Show("ENTER VALUE!!!!!!!!", "INVALID PARAMETER", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation)
            Exit Sub
        End If
        With saveChannelSettings
            .FileName = "REGISTRATION_FILE"
            .Filter = "REGISTRATION FILE (*.IM)|*.IM"
        End With
        If saveChannelSettings.ShowDialog <> 1 Then
            Exit Sub
        End If
        Dim STR As String = saveChannelSettings.FileName
        If STR = "" Then
            MessageBox.Show("INVALID FILE NAME!!!!!!!!!!", "FILE NAME", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation)
            Exit Sub
        End If
        'Try
        '    'CREATE CLEVER SCOPE SERIAL NUMBER FILE
        '    FileOpen(1, "C:\MyDLL\CS_ID", OpenMode.Output)
        '    WriteLine(1, "CS ID:", SimpleCrypt(TB_CS_NO.Text))
        '    MessageBox.Show("FILE SAVED AS C:\MyDLL\CS_ID", "FILE SAVED", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
        '    FileClose(1)
        'Catch es As Exception
        '    MessageBox.Show("FILE NOT SAVED!!!!!!!!!!", "FILE NOT SAVED", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation)
        '    FileClose(1)
        'End Try
        GENERATE_CS_SERIAL_NO_FILE(STR)
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_DIV_CARD_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_DIV_CARD.Click
        If TB_A.Text = "" Or TB_B.Text = "" Then
            MessageBox.Show("ENTER VALUE!!!!!!!!", "INVALID PARAMETER", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation)
            Exit Sub
        End If
        With saveChannelSettings
            .FileName = "Hardware_parameters"
            .Filter = "HARDWARE FILE (*.IM)|*.IM"
        End With
        If saveChannelSettings.ShowDialog <> 1 Then
            Exit Sub
        End If
        Dim STR As String = saveChannelSettings.FileName
        If STR = "" Then
            MessageBox.Show("INVALID FILE NAME!!!!!!!!!!", "FILE NAME", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation)
            Exit Sub
        End If
        Try
            'CREATE CALIBRATION PARAMETERS
            FileOpen(1, STR, OpenMode.Output)
            WriteLine(1, "OFFSET:", SimpleCrypt("0"), SimpleCrypt("0"))
            WriteLine(1, "INT DIV:", SimpleCrypt(TB_A.Text), SimpleCrypt(TB_B.Text))
            MessageBox.Show("FILE SAVED AS " & STR, "FILE SAVED", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
            FileClose(1)
        Catch es As Exception
            MessageBox.Show("FILE NOT SAVED!!!!!!!!!!", "FILE NOT SAVED", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Exclamation)
            FileClose(1)
        End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub main_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
        connectDatabase()
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_EXIT_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BTN_EXIT.Click
        If MessageBox.Show("SURE TO CLOSE THE APPLICATION?", "EXIT", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Question, MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1, MessageBoxOptions.DefaultDesktopOnly) = Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK Then
            Me.Close()
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_ADD_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)

        ' ADD_NEW_FORM.BTN_SAVE.Visible = True
        ' ADD_NEW_FORM.BTN_NEW.Visible = False
        ADD_NEW_FORM.LBL_UPDATE.Text = "Impulse Analyser Details"
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Text = "CS_SERIAL_NO"
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_SITE_NAME.Text = "SITE NAME"
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Text = "DIV CARD NO"
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DEL_DATE.Text = "DATE"
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DES.Text = "DESCRIPTION"
        ADD_NEW_FORM.Show()

        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Enabled = True
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_SITE_NAME.Enabled = True
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Enabled = True
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DEL_DATE.Enabled = True
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DES.Enabled = True
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_DEL_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
        If Me.ListBox_Customer_List.SelectedIndex = -1 Then
            MessageBox.Show("SELECT ENTRY TO DELETE", "SELECT ITEM", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
            Exit Sub
        End If
        If MessageBox.Show("SURE TO DELETE THIS ENTRY?", "DELETE", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) = Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Yes Then
            delDatabase(Me.ListBox_Customer_List.SelectedIndex)

            MessageBox.Show("ENTRY DELETED.", "DELETE", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
            connectDatabase()
        End If
    End Sub

    Private Sub CB_CS_S_NO_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles CB_CS_S_NO.SelectedIndexChanged
        'MessageBox.Show(CB_CS_S_NO.SelectedItem.ToString)
        searchDatabase(CB_CS_S_NO.SelectedItem.ToString)
        ADD_NEW_FORM.Show()

        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_CS_SERIAL_NO.Enabled = False
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_SITE_NAME.Enabled = False
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DIV_CARD_NO.Enabled = False
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DEL_DATE.Enabled = False
        ADD_NEW_FORM.TB_DES.Enabled = False
        ADD_NEW_FORM.BTN_SAVE.Enabled = False
    End Sub

    Private Sub BTN_EDIT_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
        If Me.ListBox_Customer_List.SelectedIndex = -1 Then
            MessageBox.Show("SELECT ENTRY TO DELETE", "SELECT ITEM", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information)
            Exit Sub
        End If
        MessageBox.Show(Me.ListBox_Customer_List.SelectedIndex)
        'If MessageBox.Show("SURE TO DELETE THIS ENTRY?", "DELETE", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) = Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Yes Then
        editDatabase(Me.ListBox_Customer_List.SelectedIndex)

        ' End If
    End Sub
End Class
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATABASE has 5 fields.

A simple encryption and decryption, used in vb.net

2010-03-24T04:04:00.000-07:00

    Public Function Simple_encrption_decryption(ByVal Text As String) As String
        ' Encrypts/decrypts the passed string using
        ' a simple ASCII value-swapping algorithm
        Dim strTempChar As String, i As Integer
        strTempChar = ""
        For i = 1 To Len(Text)
            If Asc(Mid$(Text, i, 1)) < 133 Then
                strTempChar = CType(Asc(Mid$(Text, i, 1)) + 133, String)
            ElseIf Asc(Mid$(Text, i, 1)) > 133 Then
                strTempChar = _
          CType(Asc(Mid$(Text, i, 1)) - 133, String)
            End If
            Mid$(Text, i, 1) = Chr(CType(strTempChar, Integer))
        Next i
        Return Text
    End Function
-----------------------------------------
Pass a STRING you will get new encrypted string .
Pass ENCRYPTED sting you will get orignal string.

c code decimal number to Roman 1-3000

2010-03-23T04:14:00.000-07:00

C code which will convet a decimal number to Roman number
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

#include stdio.h
#include conio.h
main()
{
int a,b,c,d,e;
char x;
ss:
clrscr();
printf("---------------------------------\n");
printf("DECIMAL TO ROMAN\n");
printf("----------------------------------\n");
printf("PRESS 'C' to CONTINUE or'X' to EXIT");
scanf("%c",x);

switch (x)
{
case 'C':
goto cc;
case 'X':
goto xx;
default:
goto ss;
}
cc:
printf("ENTER NUMBER (between 1-3000):");
scanf("%d",&e);
while (e==0||e>3000 )
       {
       printf("ERROR: Invalid Input!");
       printf("Enter the number again:");
       scanf("%d",&e);
       }
if (e>3000)
        printf("Invalid");
a = (e/1000)*1000;
b = ((e/100)%10)*100;
c = ((e/10)%10)*10;
d = ((e/1)%10)*1;

if (a ==1000)
        printf("M");
else if (a ==2000)
        printf("MM");
else if (a ==3000)
        printf("MMM");

if (b == 100)
        printf("C");
else if (b == 200)
        printf("CC");
else if (b == 300)
        printf("CCC");
else if (b == 400)
        printf("CD");
else if (b ==500)
        printf("D");
else if (b == 600)
        printf("DC");
else if (b == 700)
        printf("DCC");
else if (b ==800)
        printf("DCCC");
else if (b == 900)
        printf("CM");

if (c == 10)
        printf("X");
else if (c == 20)
        printf("XX");
else if (c == 30)
        printf("XXX");
else if (c == 40)
        printf("XL");
else if (c ==50)
        printf("L");
else if (c == 60)
        printf("LX");
else if (c == 70)
        printf("LXX");
else if (c ==80)
        printf("LXXX");
else if (c == 90)
        printf("XC");

if (d == 1)
        printf("I");
else if (d == 2)
        printf("II");
else if (d == 3)
        printf("III");
else if (d == 4)
        printf("IV");
else if (d ==5)
        printf("V");
else if (d == 6)
        printf("VI");
else if (d == 7)
        printf("VII");
else if (d ==8)
        printf("VIII");
else if (d == 9)
        printf("IX");
getch();
xx:
return 0;
}

VB.net code send/receive a byte from atmega16 microcontroller

2010-03-23T04:08:00.000-07:00

VB.net code send/receive a byte from atmega16 microcontroller, serially.
Form has some button to send a byte.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Option Explicit On
Option Strict On
Imports System.IO.Ports
Imports System.Threading

Public Class Form1
    Dim WithEvents btn As SerialPort
    Dim thRec As Thread
    Dim a As Integer
    Dim b As Byte
    Dim myComPort As New SerialPort
    Dim xmtBuf() As Byte = {&HFF, &H1, &HC3, &HE3, &HFF, &HFF}
    Dim msg(5) As Byte '= New Byte(1) {}
    '''

''' Call a routine to write a command to turn off an LED and read the response.
'''

    '''
    Private Sub btnOff_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnOff.Click
        If SerialPort1.IsOpen Then
            CloseComPort()
        End If
        Me.Close()

    End Sub

    '''

''' Call a routint write a command to turn on an LED and read the response.
'''

'''

'''

    ''' If myComPort is open, finish transmitting.
    ''' Exiting the Using block closes the port and releases its resources.
    '''

    '''
    Sub CloseComPort()

        Try
            Using SerialPort1
                If (Not (SerialPort1 Is Nothing)) Then
                    ' The COM port exists.

                    If SerialPort1.IsOpen Then

                        ' Wait for the transmit buffer to empty.

                        Do While (SerialPort1.BytesToWrite > 0)
                        Loop

                    End If
                End If

            End Using

        Catch ex As UnauthorizedAccessException

            ' The port may have been removed. Ignore.

        End Try

    End Sub

    '''

''' Set the BaudRate property of myComPort to match the bit rate selected in the combo box.
'''

    '''
    Private Sub cmbBitRate_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles cmbBitRate.SelectedIndexChanged

        SerialPort1.BaudRate = CInt(cmbBitRate.SelectedItem)

    End Sub

    '''

    ''' If the previously selected COM port is open, close it.
    ''' Set the PortName property of myComPort to match the port selected in the combo box.
    ''' Call a routine to open the port.
    '''

    '''
    Private Sub cmbPorts_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles cmbPorts.SelectedIndexChanged

    End Sub

    '''

''' Call a routine to close the COM port.
'''

    Private Sub Form1_FormClosing(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.Windows.Forms.FormClosingEventArgs) Handles Me.FormClosing
        CloseComPort()

    End Sub

    '''

''' Call routines to initalize the form and open the selected COM port.
'''

    '''
    Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load

        InitializeForm()
        ' OpenComPort()

    End Sub

    '''

''' Set up the form and select a default port and bit rate.
'''

    Sub InitializeForm()

        Dim bitRates(9) As Integer
        Dim nameArray() As String

        ' Find the COM ports on the system.

        nameArray = SerialPort.GetPortNames
        Array.Sort(nameArray)

        ' Fill a combo box with the port names.

        cmbPorts.DataSource = nameArray
        cmbPorts.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList

        ' Select a default port.

        cmbPorts.SelectedIndex = 1

        'Bit rates to select from.

        bitRates(0) = 300
        bitRates(1) = 600
        bitRates(2) = 1200
        bitRates(3) = 2400
        bitRates(4) = 9600
        bitRates(5) = 14400
        bitRates(6) = 19200
        bitRates(7) = 38400
        bitRates(8) = 57600
        bitRates(9) = 115200

        'Place the bit rates in a combo box.

        cmbBitRate.DataSource = bitRates
        cmbBitRate.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList

        ' Select a default bit rate.

        cmbBitRate.SelectedItem = 9600

    End Sub

    '''

    ''' Set port parameters and open the COM port
    ''' associated with the SerialPort object myComPort.
    '''

    Sub OpenComPort()

        Try
            ' Get the selected COM port's name from the combo box.

            If Not SerialPort1.IsOpen Then
                SerialPort1.PortName = cmbPorts.SelectedItem.ToString
                ' myComPort.PortName = "com3"
                ' Get the selected bit rate from the combo box.

                If cmbBitRate.SelectedIndex > 0 Then
                    SerialPort1.BaudRate = CInt(cmbBitRate.SelectedItem)
                End If

                ' Set other port parameters.
                SerialPort1.BaudRate = 4800 'CInt(cmbBitRate.SelectedItem) '9600
                SerialPort1.Parity = Parity.None
                SerialPort1.DataBits = 8
                SerialPort1.StopBits = StopBits.One
                SerialPort1.Handshake = Handshake.None
                SerialPort1.WriteBufferSize = 100000

                SerialPort1.DtrEnable = True
                SerialPort1.RtsEnable = True
                ' Open the port.

                SerialPort1.Open()

                'MessageBox.Show("opened")
            End If

        Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        Catch ex As UnauthorizedAccessException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        Catch ex As System.IO.IOException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        End Try

        btnOn.Enabled = True
        Button1.Enabled = True
        Button2.Enabled = True
    End Sub

    '''

''' Write a command to the SerialPort object and read the response.
'''

    '''
The command to send.

    Private Sub SendCommand(ByVal command As String)

        Dim response As String
        Dim a As Integer
        Try

            'myComPort.Write("V")
            'myComPort.WriteLine("1")

            SerialPort1.WriteLine("255")

            'a = myComPort.r
            'TextBox1.Text = (Asc(myComPort.ReadLine).ToString)
            Select Case response

                Case "0"

                    lblStatus.Text = "LED 1 is OFF"

                Case "1"

                    lblStatus.Text = "LED 1 is ON"

                Case Else

            End Select

        Catch ex As TimeoutException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        Catch ex As UnauthorizedAccessException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        End Try
    End Sub

    'Private Sub myComPort_DataReceived(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs) Handles myComPort.DataReceived

    '    MessageBox.Show(myComPort.ReadExisting().ToString)
    'End Sub

    Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
        Try

            'myComPort.Write("V")
            SerialPort1.WriteLine("254")
            'a = myComPort.r
            ' TextBox1.Text = (Asc(myComPort.ReadLine).ToString)

        Catch ex As TimeoutException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        Catch ex As UnauthorizedAccessException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click
        Try

            'b = CType(TextBox2.Text, Byte)
            ' b = HexToByte(TextBox2.Text)
            ' b = Hex(CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer))
            'myComPort.WriteLine(a.ToString)
            'myComPort.Write(b, 0, 1)

            TextBox1.Text = Hex(CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer)).ToString
            If CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer) = 255 Then
                msg(0) = &HFF
            ElseIf CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer) = 254 Then
                msg(0) = &HFE
            ElseIf CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer) = 253 Then
                msg(0) = &HFD
            ElseIf CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer) = 252 Then
                msg(0) = &HFC
            ElseIf CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer) = 251 Then
                msg(0) = &HFB
            ElseIf CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer) = 250 Then
                msg(0) = &HFA
            Else
                msg(0) = &H0
            End If
            'Do While (myComPort.BytesToWrite > 0)
            'Loop

            msg(0) = CType(70, Byte)

            msg(1) = CType(71, Byte)

            msg(2) = CType(72, Byte)

            msg(3) = CType(73, Byte)

            'msg(0) = &HFF
            'msg(1) = &HFE
            'msg(2) = &HFD
            'msg(3) = &HFC
            'msg(4) = &HFB
            'msg(5) = &HFA
            'msg(6) = &H0
            'myComPort.Write(msg, 0, 1)
            SerialPort1.Write(msg, 0, 4)
            'myComPort.Write(msg, 0, 1)

            'myComPort.Write(xmtBuf, 0, xmtBuf.Length)
            'myComPort.WriteLine(a.ToString)
            'a = myComPort.r
            ' TextBox1.Text = (Asc(myComPort.ReadLine).ToString)

        Catch ex As TimeoutException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        Catch ex As UnauthorizedAccessException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button3_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button3.Click
        CloseComPort()
        SerialPort1.PortName = cmbPorts.SelectedItem.ToString
        OpenComPort()
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button4_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button4.Click
        TextBox1.Text = Chr(CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer)).ToString

    End Sub

    Private Sub Button5_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button5.Click
        TextBox1.Text = ChrW(CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer)).ToString
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button6_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button6.Click
        TextBox1.Text = Hex(CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer)).ToString
    End Sub

    Private Sub Button7_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button7.Click
        TextBox1.Text = Asc(TextBox2.Text).ToString
    End Sub

    Private Sub ComboBox1_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ComboBox1.SelectedIndexChanged
        Try

            'b = CType(TextBox2.Text, Byte)
            ' b = HexToByte(TextBox2.Text)
            ' b = Hex(CType(TextBox2.Text, Integer))
            'myComPort.WriteLine(a.ToString)
            'myComPort.Write(b, 0, 1)

            TextBox1.Text = Hex(CType(ComboBox1.SelectedItem, Integer)).ToString
            If CType(ComboBox1.SelectedItem, Integer) = 255 Then
                msg(0) = 255
            ElseIf CType(ComboBox1.SelectedItem, Integer) = 254 Then
                msg(0) = 254
            ElseIf CType(ComboBox1.SelectedItem, Integer) = 253 Then
                msg(0) = 253
            ElseIf CType(ComboBox1.SelectedItem, Integer) = 252 Then
                msg(0) = &HFC
            ElseIf CType(ComboBox1.SelectedItem, Integer) = 251 Then
                msg(0) = &HFB
            ElseIf CType(ComboBox1.SelectedItem, Integer) = 250 Then
                msg(0) = &HFA
            Else
                msg(0) = &H0
            End If
            'Do While (myComPort.BytesToWrite > 0)
            'Loop

            'msg(0) = &HFF
            'msg(1) = &HFE
            'msg(2) = &HFD
            'msg(3) = &HFC
            'msg(4) = &HFB
            'msg(5) = &HFA
            'msg(6) = &H0
            SerialPort1.Write(msg, 0, 1)
            SerialPort1.Write(msg, 0, 1)
            '            myComPort.Write(msg, 0, 1)

            'myComPort.Write(xmtBuf, 0, xmtBuf.Length)
            'myComPort.WriteLine(a.ToString)
            'a = myComPort.r
            ' TextBox1.Text = (Asc(myComPort.ReadLine).ToString)

        Catch ex As TimeoutException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        Catch ex As InvalidOperationException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)

        Catch ex As UnauthorizedAccessException
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
        End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick

    End Sub
    Private Sub btnOn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnOn.Click
        Dim msg As String = SerialPort1.ReadExisting()
        MessageBox.Show(msg)
    End Sub
    Private Sub SerialPort1_DataReceived(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs) Handles SerialPort1.DataReceived
        'This event will Receive the data from the selected COM port..
        MessageBox.Show(SerialPort1.ReadExisting().ToString)
        'If e.EventType = SerialData.Chars Then
        '    thRec = New Thread(AddressOf ReceiveData)
        '    thRec.IsBackground = True
        '    thRec.Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest
        '    thRec.Start()
        '    Thread.Sleep(2)
        'End If
    End Sub
    Private Sub ReceiveData()
        'Sub to Receive Data from the Serial Port, Will Run in a Thread
        MessageBox.Show(SerialPort1.ReadExisting().ToString)
        Dim lstItem As ListViewItem
        Dim bRead, nRead As Integer
        Dim returnStr As String = ""
        Dim ascStr As String = ""
        Dim aa As Char
        bRead = SerialPort1.BytesToRead 'Number of Bytes to read
        Dim cData(bRead - 1) As Byte
        ' SerialPort1.Encoding = System.Encoding.GetEncoding(65001)
        nRead = SerialPort1.Read(cData, 0, bRead) 'Reading the Data
        For Each b As Byte In cData
            ascStr += Chr(b)        'Ascii String
            returnStr += Hex(b).PadLeft(2, aa)     'Hex String (Modified Padding, to intake compulsory 2 chars, mainly in case of 0)
        Next
        MessageBox.Show(returnStr)
    End Sub
    'Private Sub SerialPort1_DataReceived(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.IO.Ports.SerialDataReceivedEventArgs) _
    '      Handles SerialPort1.DataReceived
    '    MessageBox.Show("data received")
    '    MessageBox.Show(SerialPort1.ReadExisting().ToString)

    '    ' txtDataReceived.Invoke(New updateParameters(AddressOf updateTextBox), New Object() {})
    'End Sub
    'Private Sub comPort_DataReceived(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As SerialDataReceivedEventArgs)
    '    'determine the mode the user selected (binary/string)
    '    'Select Case CurrentTransmissionType
    '    'Case TransmissionType.Text
    '    'user chose string
    '    'read data waiting in the buffer
    '    MessageBox.Show("v")
    '    Dim msg As String = myComPort.ReadExisting()
    '    MessageBox.Show(msg)
    '    'display the data to the user
    '    ' _type = MessageType.Incoming
    '    ' _msg = msg
    '    ' DisplayData(MessageType.Incoming, msg + "" + Environment.NewLine + "")
    '    'Exit Select
    '    '    Case TransmissionType.Hex
    '    'user chose binary
    '    'retrieve number of bytes in the buffer
    '    Dim bytes As Integer = myComPort.BytesToRead
    '    'create a byte array to hold the awaiting data
    '    Dim comBuffer As Byte() = New Byte(bytes - 1) {}
    '    'read the data and store it
    '    myComPort.Read(comBuffer, 0, bytes)
    '    MessageBox.Show(comBuffer.ToString)
    '    'display the data to the user
    '    ' _type = MessageType.Incoming
    '    ' _msg = ByteToHex(comBuffer) + "" + Environment.NewLine + ""
    '    ' DisplayData(MessageType.Incoming, ByteToHex(comBuffer) + "" + Environment.NewLine + "")
    '    ' Exit Select
    '    '    Case Else
    '    'read data waiting in the buffer
    '    'Dim str As String = myComPort.ReadExisting()
    '    'display the data to the user
    '    '_type = MessageType.Incoming
    '    '_msg = str + "" + Environment.NewLine + ""
    '    ' DisplayData(MessageType.Incoming, str + "" + Environment.NewLine + "")
    '    ' Exit Select
    '    ' End Select
    'End Sub
End Class

USART send/receive a Byte : ATmega16 Avr studio code

2010-03-23T04:01:00.000-07:00

VB.net code is working on other side.
------------------------------------------------
#include inttypes.h
#include avr/interrupt.h
#include avr/io.h
#include avr/signal.h
#include util/delay.h
#include "inc/lcd.h"
#include "inc/START_LCD_SCREEN.h"
#define F_CPU 80000000L             //8Mhz

//#define POINTCHAR 'o' /* 0x6f */
//#define BLANKCHAR ' ' /* 0x20 */
#define F_OSC 8000000                   /* oscillator-frequency in Hz */
#define UART_BAUD_RATE 4800
#define UART_BAUD_CALC(UART_BAUD_RATE,F_OSC) ((F_OSC)/((UART_BAUD_RATE)*16l)-1)

unsigned int var=1;
void usart_putc(unsigned char c) {
   // wait until UDR ready
    while(!(UCSRA & (1 << UDRE)));
    UDR = c;    // send character
}

void uart_puts (char *s) {
    // loop until *s != NULL
    while (*s) {
        usart_putc(*s);
        s++;
    }
}
/*
void init(void) {
    // set baud rate
    UBRRH = (uint8_t)(UART_BAUD_CALC(UART_BAUD_RATE,F_OSC)>>8);
    UBRRL = (uint8_t)UART_BAUD_CALC(UART_BAUD_RATE,F_OSC);
    // Enable receiver and transmitter; enable RX interrupt
    UCSRB = (1<<<
    //asynchronous 8N1
    UCSRC = (1<<
//Enable The receiver and transmitter
   UCSRB=(1<<

}
*/
char USARTReadChar()
{
   //Wait untill a data is available
   while(!(UCSRA & (1<
   {
   }

   return UDR;
}

void USARTInit(uint16_t ubrr_value)
{

   //Set Baud rate

// UBRRL = ubrr_value;
// UBRRH = (ubrr_value>>8);
    UBRRH = 0 ; //(uint8_t)(UART_BAUD_CALC(UART_BAUD_RATE,F_OSC)>>8);
    UBRRL = 103 ; // (uint8_t)UART_BAUD_CALC(UART_BAUD_RATE,F_OSC);

   UCSRC=(1<<

   //Enable The receiver and transmitter
// UCSRB=(1<<

// Enable receiver and transmitter; enable RX interrupt
   UCSRB = (1 << RXEN) | (1 << TXEN) | (1 << RXCIE);
   UCSRA &= (11111101);            //SET U2X TO 0
}

void USARTWriteChar(char data)
{

   while(!(UCSRA & (1<
   {
   }
   UDR=data;
}

void serialterminate(void) { // terminate sent string!!!
    while(!(UCSRA & (1 << UDRE)));
    UDR = 0x0d;
    while(!(UCSRA & (1 << UDRE)));
    UDR = 0x0a;
}

int main(void)
{

    int CHOICE=2;
    unsigned char ch;
    char data;

     // Interrupt flag set
    GICR=1<
    //sbi(MCUCR,1);       // falling edge at INT0 generates interrupt
    //cbi(MCUCR,0);
    MCUCR |= (00000010);
    MCUCR &= (11111110);

    // Port A initialization
    PORTA=0x00;        //ACD
    DDRA=0x00;        //input
    // Port B initialization
    PORTB=0xff;        //PUSH BUTTONS
    DDRB=0x00;        //input
    // Port C initialization
    DDRC=0xFF;        //LCD
    PORTC=0xFF;        //output
    // Port D initialization
    PORTD=0xFF;        //LED's
    DDRD=0x00;        //output

    /* LCD module initialization display, cursor on */
    lcd_init(LCD_DISP_ON_CURSOR_BLINK);
    lcd_clrscr();

    USARTInit(103);

    lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
    lcd_puts_P("PRESS1 -- READING");
    lcd_gotoxy(0,2);
    lcd_puts_P("PRESS2 -- SEND STH");
    sei();
    while(1)
    {
        if((PINB & 0x01) == 0)
        {
            lcd_clrscr();
            lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
            lcd_puts_P("READING....");
            ch=USARTReadChar();
            lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
            lcd_putc(ch);
            UCSRA &= (01111111);

        }
        if((PINB & 0x02) == 0)
        {
            lcd_clrscr();
            lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
            lcd_puts_P("SENDING BYTE");
            USARTWriteChar('v');
            lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
            lcd_puts_P("SENT BYTE");
            UCSRA &= (11011111);
        }

        if((PINB & 0x10) == 0)
        {
        lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
        lcd_puts_P("PRESS1 FOR READING");
        lcd_gotoxy(0,2);
        lcd_puts_P("PRESS2 TO SEND STH");
        }
        _delay_ms(1000);

}
}

SIGNAL(SIG_INTERRUPT0) // SIGNAL is a macro for interrupts

{
cli();
    // Do some stuff
        lcd_clrscr();
        lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
        lcd_puts_P("INT GEN");
        USARTWriteChar('c');
        lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
        lcd_puts_P("Send BYTE");
        UCSRA &= (11011111);
        _delay_ms(1000);
        sei();

}

// INTERRUPT can be interrupted
// SIGNAL can't be interrupted
SIGNAL (SIG_UART_RECV) { // USART RX interrupt
   unsigned char ch;
   // read received character

   // and just send it back
             lcd_clrscr();
            lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
            lcd_puts_P("Rx Intrupt ....");
while(!(UCSRA & (1<
   {
   }
            ch=UDR ;//USARTReadChar();
            lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
            lcd_putc(ch);
            UCSRA &= (01111111);
        var=0;
        PORTD |= (11000001);
}

Timers example in ATmega16, codevision TIMER1

2010-03-22T20:59:00.000-07:00

TIMER1 is 16 bit timer.

Here is an example with variable time of timer.
ADC Volt - PORTA.0
LCD PORT C
PUSH BUTTONS PORTB.0-7
LED/OUTPUT PORTD.0-7

TIMER1 PRESCALER
TCCR1A=0b00000000;
TCCR1B=0b00000010;             //8

COUNTER VALUE
TCNT1=55535;

CALCULATION
IF 65535-X = Y AND
WE ASSIGN TCNT1=Y;
TIMER CODE WILL BE EXECUTED AFTER EVERY X MICRO-SECS
--------------------------------------------------------------------
#include mega16.h                  //8 M Hz
#include delay.h
#include stdio.h
// Alphanumeric LCD Module functions
#asm
   .equ __lcd_port=0x15 ;PORTC
#endasm
#include lcd.h

// I2C Bus functions
#asm
   .equ __i2c_port=0x12 ;PORTD
   .equ __sda_bit=3
   .equ __scl_bit=2
#endasm
#include

#define ADC_VREF_TYPE 0x20
// Read the 8 most significant bits of the AD conversion result
unsigned char read_adc(unsigned char adc_input)
{
    ADMUX=adc_input | (ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff);
    // Delay needed for the stabilization of the ADC input voltage
    delay_us(10);
    // Start the AD conversion
    ADCSRA|=0x40;
    // Wait for the AD conversion to complete
    while ((ADCSRA & 0x10)==0);
    ADCSRA|=0x10;
    return ADCH;
}

// global variables
//unsigned int freq_array[]={50,100,150,200,250,300,350,400,450,500,550,600,650,700,750,800,850,900,950,1000} ;
//unsigned int no_of_pulses[]={2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40} ;
//unsigned int pc_array[]={1,2,5,10,20,50,100,200,500,1000} ;
void PC_OUTPUTS(void);
void DELAY(void);
void ADC_DELAY(unsigned int);
void READ_VALUES(void);
void CODE(void);
unsigned int actual_delay_time,volt;

void WRITE_TO_EEPROM(void);
unsigned int FREQ_COUNTER=2;
unsigned int PC_COUNTER=1;
unsigned char adc_volt;
unsigned char str_buffer[20];
unsigned int BTN_0=0;
unsigned int BTN_1=0;
unsigned int BTN_2=0;
unsigned int BTN_3=0;
unsigned int BTN_4=0;

unsigned int ON_OFF_FLAG=1;       //CAL ON/OFF flag

//Timer 0 overflow interrupt service routine
interrupt [TIM1_OVF] void timer1_ovf_isr(void)
{
        TCNT1=actual_delay_time;
        PORTD.7=~PORTD.7;
}

void main(void)
{

// Input/Output Ports initialization
// Port A initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTA=0x00;
DDRA=0x00;

// Port B initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTB=0xFF;
DDRB=0x00;          //input   push buttons

// Port C initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTC=0x00;
DDRC=0xff;           //output         lcd

// Port D initialization
// Func7=In Func6=In Func5=In Func4=In Func3=In Func2=In Func1=In Func0=In
// State7=T State6=T State5=T State4=T State3=T State2=T State1=T State0=T
PORTD=0x00;
DDRD=0xff;           //output     led

// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 0 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC0 output: Disconnected
TCCR0=0x00;
TCNT0=0x00;
OCR0=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer1 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh
// OC1A output: Discon.
// OC1B output: Discon.
// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge
// Timer1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: Off
// Compare A Match Interrupt: Off
// Compare B Match Interrupt: Off
TCCR1A=0x00;
TCCR1B=0x00;
TCNT1H=0x00;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;


TCNT1=55535;
TCCR1A=0b00000000;
TCCR1B=0b00000010;   //SELECT CLOCK HRER CS

// Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer2 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC2 output: Disconnected
ASSR=0x00;
TCCR2=0x00;
TCNT2=0x00;
OCR2=0x00;

// External Interrupt(s) initialization
// INT0: Off
// INT1: Off
// INT2: Off
MCUCR=0x00;
MCUCSR=0x00;

//Timer(s)/Counter(s) Interrupt(s) initialization
//TIMSK=0x00;
TIMSK=0b00000100;
// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator:
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;
ADMUX=ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff;
ADCSRA=0xA6;
SFIOR&=0x1F;

PORTD.2=0;
PORTD.3=0;
// I2C Bus initialization
i2c_init();
//WRITE_TO_EEPROM();    //this will reset both var to 0
READ_VALUES();
//INIT LCD
lcd_init(20);
lcd_clear();
lcd_putsf("ETM");
delay_ms(1000);

#asm("sei")
//START FROM THE LAST SAVED
DELAY();
PC_OUTPUTS();

// Watchdog Timer initialization
// Watchdog Timer Prescaler: OSC/256k
#pragma optsize-
WDTCR=0x1C;
WDTCR=0b00001111;
#ifdef _OPTIMIZE_SIZE_
#pragma optsize+
#endif

while (1)
      {
         //read voltage from PORTA.0 0 - 255
         WDTCR=0b00001111;
         adc_volt=read_adc(0);                                 //100 us
         if (ON_OFF_FLAG==1)
         {
           DELAY();
         }
         else
         {
                 PORTD.7=0;
         }
         WDTCR=0b00001111;
         CODE();
         delay_ms(20);
      };                                                        //END OF WHILE LOOP
}                                                               //END OF MAIN

void CODE()
{
        //CAL ON OFF
        if (PINB.4 == 0 && BTN_4==0)
         {
            if (ON_OFF_FLAG==1)
            {
                ON_OFF_FLAG=0;
                lcd_gotoxy(14,1);
                lcd_putsf("   OFF");
                PORTD.7=0;
                TCCR1A=0b00000000;
                TCCR1B=0b00000000;   //STOP TIMER
            }
            else
            {
                ON_OFF_FLAG=1;
                lcd_gotoxy(14,1);
                lcd_putsf("    ON");
                PC_OUTPUTS();
                TCCR1A=0b00000000;
                TCCR1B=0b00000010;   //START TIMER           prescaler=8
            }
            BTN_4=1;
         }
         if (PINB.4 == 1)
            BTN_4=0;

        //INCREASE NO OF PULSES PORTB 0 PIN
        if (PINB.0 == 0 && BTN_0==0)
         {
            if (FREQ_COUNTER < 40)
             {
               FREQ_COUNTER=FREQ_COUNTER+2;
               WRITE_TO_EEPROM();
             }
             BTN_0=1;
         }
        if (PINB.0 == 1)
            BTN_0=0;

        //DECREASE NO OF PULSES PORTB 1 PIN
        if (PINB.1 == 0 && BTN_1==0)
         {
            if (FREQ_COUNTER > 2)
             {
                FREQ_COUNTER=FREQ_COUNTER - 2;
                WRITE_TO_EEPROM();
             }
             BTN_1=1;
         }
        if (PINB.1 == 1)
            BTN_1=0;

        //INCREASE IN PC COUNT PORTB 2 PIN
        if (PINB.2 == 0 && BTN_2==0)
         {
            if (PC_COUNTER < 10)
             {
                PC_COUNTER++;
                PC_OUTPUTS();
                WRITE_TO_EEPROM();
             }
             BTN_2=1;
         }
        if (PINB.2 == 1)
            BTN_2=0;

        //DECREAE IN PC COUNT PORTB 2 PIN
        if (PINB.3 == 0 && BTN_3==0)
         {
            if (PC_COUNTER > 1)
             {
                PC_COUNTER--;
                PC_OUTPUTS();
                WRITE_TO_EEPROM();
             }
             BTN_3=1;
         }

        if (PINB.3 == 1)
            BTN_3=0;

        //BATTERY INDICATION PORTB 5 PIN - LO   6 - OK 7 - CH
        if (PINB.6 == 0)
         {
            lcd_gotoxy(14,0);
            lcd_putsf("BAT OK");
         }
         else if (PINB.7 == 0)
         {
            lcd_gotoxy(14,0);
            lcd_putsf("BAT CH");
         }
         else if (PINB.5 == 0)
         {
            lcd_gotoxy(14,0);
            lcd_putsf("BAT LO");
         }
         else
         {
            lcd_gotoxy(14,0);
            lcd_putsf("      ");
         }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Procedure:    PC_OUTPUTS
// Inputs:        none
// Return:        none
// Description:    Vary the 5 PC signals
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

void PC_OUTPUTS(void)
{
       switch (PC_COUNTER)
       {
         case 1:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=1;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("PULSE MAG     1   PC");
             break;
         case 2:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=1;
             PORTD.4=0;
             PORTD.5=1;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("PULSE MAG     2   PC");
             break;
         case 3:
             PORTD.0=1;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=1;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("PULSE MAG     5   PC");
             break;
         case 4:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=1;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("PULSE MAG     10 PC");
             break;
         case 5:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=1;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("PULSE MAG     20 PC");
             break;
          case 6:
             PORTD.0=1;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("PULSE MAG     50 PC");
             break;
         case 7:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("PULSE MAG     100 PC");
             break;
         case 8:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=1;
             PORTD.4=0;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("PULSE MAG     200 PC");
             break;
         case 9:
             PORTD.0=1;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=0;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("PULSE MAG     500 PC");
             break;
         case 10:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=0;
             PORTD.5=0;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             lcd_putsf("PULSE MAG     1000PC");
             break;
         default:
             PORTD.0=0;
             PORTD.1=0;
             PORTD.4=1;
             PORTD.5=1;
             PORTD.6=0;
             lcd_gotoxy(0,1);
             //sprintf(str_buffer,"ERROR PC - %u",PC_COUNTER) ;
             lcd_putsf("INC/DEC");
             PC_COUNTER=1;

       };
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Procedure:    WRITE_TO_EEPROM
// Inputs:        none
// Return:        none
// Description:    Writes both variable to eeprom
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void WRITE_TO_EEPROM()
{
    i2c_start();
    i2c_write(0xA0);
    i2c_write(0x00);
    i2c_write((unsigned char)FREQ_COUNTER);
    i2c_write((unsigned char)PC_COUNTER);
    i2c_stop();
    delay_ms(10);
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Procedure:    READ_VALUES
// Inputs:        none
// Return:        none
// Description:    Read freq counter, PC Counter var from eeprom
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void READ_VALUES()
{
    i2c_start();
    i2c_write(0xA0);
    i2c_write(0x00);
    i2c_start();
    i2c_write(0xA1);
    FREQ_COUNTER = i2c_read(0);
    delay_ms(10);

    i2c_start();
    i2c_write(0xA0);
    i2c_write(0x01);
    i2c_start();
    i2c_write(0xA1);
    PC_COUNTER = i2c_read(0);

    i2c_stop();
    delay_ms(10);
}
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//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Procedure:    ADC_DELAY
// Inputs:        DELAY (STEP) TIME
// Return:        none
// Description:    DELAY +/- 2.5%
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void ADC_DELAY(unsigned int delay_time)
{
   int a;
   a=delay_time / 1000;
   if (a < 1)
   a=1;
   volt=(unsigned int)adc_volt;

    if (volt > 0 && volt < 128)
    {
     if (delay_time < 501)
       actual_delay_time= delay_time - (( 50 - ( 2 * volt ) / 10 ) * a)/2;
     else
       actual_delay_time= delay_time - ( 50 - ( 2 * volt ) / 10 ) * a;
    }
    if (volt > 127 && volt < 256)
    {
        volt=volt - 127;
         if (delay_time < 501)
           actual_delay_time= delay_time + ( ( ( 4 * volt ) / 10 ) * a)/2 ;
         else
           actual_delay_time= delay_time + ( ( 4 * volt ) / 10 ) * a ;
    }
    if (volt == 0)
       actual_delay_time= delay_time - (5 * (delay_time / 100) );



      lcd_gotoxy(0,2);
      sprintf(str_buffer,"%u,%u,%u     ",delay_time,actual_delay_time,adc_volt) ;
      lcd_puts(str_buffer);

      actual_delay_time=65535-actual_delay_time;
      TCNT1=actual_delay_time;

      WDTCR=0b00001111;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Procedure:    DELAY
// Inputs:        none
// Return:        none
// Description:    Vary the Delay of signal
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void DELAY(void)
{
     switch (FREQ_COUNTER)
       {
         case 2:
             ADC_DELAY(10000);
             //delay_ms(10);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 2 ");
             break;
         case 4:
             ADC_DELAY(5000);
            //delay_ms(5);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 4 ");
             break;
         case 6:
             ADC_DELAY(3333);
             //delay_us(3333);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 6 ");
             break;
         case 8:
             ADC_DELAY(2500);
             //delay_us(2500);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 8 ");
             break;
         case 10:
             ADC_DELAY(2000);
             //delay_ms(2);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 10 ");
             break;
         case 12:
             ADC_DELAY(1667);
             //delay_us(1667);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 12 ");
             break;
         case 14:
             ADC_DELAY(1428);
             //delay_us(1428);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 14 ");
             break;
         case 16:
             ADC_DELAY(1250);
             //delay_us(1250);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 16 ");
             break;
         case 18:
             ADC_DELAY(1111);
             //delay_us(1111);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 18 ");
             break;
         case 20:
             ADC_DELAY(1000);
             //delay_ms(1);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 20 ");
             break;
         case 22:
             ADC_DELAY(909);
             //delay_us(909);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 22 ");
             break;
         case 24:
             ADC_DELAY(833);
             //delay_us(833);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 24 ");
             break;
         case 26:
             ADC_DELAY(769);
             //delay_us(769);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 26 ");
             break;
         case 28:
             ADC_DELAY(714);
             //delay_us(714);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 28 ");
             break;
         case 30:
             ADC_DELAY(667);
             //delay_us(667);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 30 ");
             break;
         case 32:
             ADC_DELAY(625);
             //delay_us(625);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 32 ");
             break;
         case 34:
             ADC_DELAY(588);
             //delay_us(588);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 34 ");
             break;
         case 36:
             ADC_DELAY(556);
             //delay_us(556);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 36 ");
             break;
         case 38:
             ADC_DELAY(526);
            // delay_us(526);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 38 ");
             break;
         case 40:
             ADC_DELAY(500);
             //delay_us(500);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             lcd_putsf("PULSES 40 ");
             break;
         default:
             ADC_DELAY(500);
             //delay_us(500);
             lcd_gotoxy(0,0);
             //sprintf(str_buffer,"ERROR-%u",FREQ_COUNTER) ;
             lcd_putsf("INC/DEC");
             FREQ_COUNTER=2;
       };
}

Timers in ATmega16, regsiter settings example codevision

2010-03-18T04:20:00.000-07:00

//Timer 0 overflow interrupt service routine
interrupt [TIM0_OVF] void timer0_ovf_isr(void)
{
    PORTA.6=0;          //STOP SIGNAL1
}

//Timer 0 overflow interrupt service routine
interrupt [TIM1_OVF] void timer1_ovf_isr(void)
{
    PORTA.7=1;          //START SIGNAL2
    TCCR2=0x01;         //START TIMER2
    TCCR1B=0x00;        //STOP TIMER1
}

//Timer 2 overflow interrupt service routine
interrupt [TIM2_OVF] void timer2_ovf_isr(void)
{
    PORTA.7=0;           //STOP SIGNAL2
}

===============================================
// Timer/Counter 0 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: 8000.000 kHz
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC0 output: Disconnected
TCCR0=0x00;
TCNT0=0xD7;
OCR0=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 1 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: Timer 1 Stopped
// Mode: Normal top=FFFFh
// OC1A output: Discon.
// OC1B output: Discon.
// Noise Canceler: Off
// Input Capture on Falling Edge
// Timer 1 Overflow Interrupt: Off
// Input Capture Interrupt: Off
// Compare A Match Interrupt: Off
// Compare B Match Interrupt: Off

TCCR1A=0x00;
TCCR1B=0x00;
TCNT1H=255 ;
TCNT1L=0x00;
ICR1H=0x00;
ICR1L=0x00;
OCR1AH=0x00;
OCR1AL=0x00;
OCR1BH=0x00;
OCR1BL=0x00;

// Timer/Counter 2 initialization
// Clock source: System Clock
// Clock value: 8000.000 kHz
// Mode: Normal top=FFh
// OC2 output: Disconnected
ASSR=0x00;
TCCR2=0x00;
TCNT2=0xD7;
OCR2=0x00;

=======================================

// Timer(s)
TIMSK=0x45;        //01000101   ALL TIMRE INTRIUPTS ARE ENANBLED

// Global enable interrupts
#asm("sei")

=============================
   TCCR0=0x00;                   //NO CLOCK FOR TIMER0
       TCCR1B=0x00;                  //NO CLOCK FOR TIMER1
       TCCR2=0x00;                   //NO CLOCK FOR TIMER2

External Interupt in Atmega16

2010-03-18T04:12:00.000-07:00

// External Interrupt 0 service routine
interrupt [EXT_INT0] void ext_int0_isr(void)
{
// Place your code here
PORTA.7=~PORTA.7;
}

---------------------------------------------
// External Interrupt(s) initialization
// INT0: On
// INT0 Mode: Falling Edge
// INT1: Off
// INT2: Off
GICR|=0x40;
MCUCR=0x02;
MCUCSR=0x00;
GIFR=0x40;

Fuse Bits for ATmega16

2010-03-18T03:07:00.001-07:00

OCDEN
JTAGEN
CKOPT
EESAVE
BOOTTRST
BODLEVEL
BODEEN
SUT1

CKSEL2 ---- 8 MHZ

OR

CKSEL0
CKSEL1 ----- 4 MHZ

Read ADC voltage from 0V to 5V on PORTA PIN 0, ATMEGA16, CODEVISION

2010-03-18T03:01:00.000-07:00

SET PORTA AS INPUT
-------------------------------

#define ADC_VREF_TYPE 0x20

--------------------------------------------

unsigned char read_adc(unsigned char adc_input)
{
ADMUX=adc_input | (ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff);
// Delay needed for the stabilization of the ADC input voltage
delay_us(10);
// Start the AD conversion
ADCSRA|=0x40;
// Wait for the AD conversion to complete
while ((ADCSRA & 0x10)==0);
ADCSRA|=0x10;
return ADCH;
}

// Analog Comparator initialization
// Analog Comparator:
// Analog Comparator Input Capture by Timer/Counter 1: Off
ACSR=0x80;
SFIOR=0x00;
ADMUX=ADC_VREF_TYPE & 0xff;
ADCSRA=0xA6;
SFIOR&=0x1F;
--------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------
TO READ
unsigned char adc_volt;
//in while loop
adc_volt=read_adc(0);